Acids and Bases

Question 1

What is the PH of molecular and ionic compounds

Answer 1

7

Question 2

Do acids have a ph higher or lower than seven?

Answer 2

Lower

Question 3

Do bases have a Ph higher or lower than seven?

Answer 3

Higher

Question 4

What does litmus paper do to different compounds

Answer 4

Acids = blue to red
Bases = red to blue
molecular and ionic compounds = no change

• acid in red litmus will exhibit no change*
• vice verse for bases*

Question 5

Are acids and bases conductive?

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

What is Arrhenius’s Theory?

Answer 6

Acids are substances that ionize in an aqueous solution to form hydrogen ions and bases dissociate for hydroxide ions.

Question 7

What is Modified Arrhenius Theory

Answer 7

H ion + H2O = H30 1+ ion

Question 8

Acids now split into…

Answer 8

H3O ion + anion

not H ion + anion

Question 9

Formula for PH

Answer 9

-log[H3O ion molar concentration] = - log [ H ion concentration]

Question 10

How to tell if a solution is a neutral, acid, or base?

Answer 10

at SATP
Neutral = 1 • e7 hydronium ions
Acidic = grater than 1 • e7 hydronium ions
Base = less than 1 • e7 hydronium ions

Question 11

What is the sig digs for PH

Answer 11

You ONLY count sig digs for the Decimals

E.x. 1.15 PH would be 2 significant digits

Question 12

How to do POH?

Answer 12

Same as PH but with hydroxide ions

Question 13

What happens when you add pH and pOH in a solution

Answer 13

It will equal fourteen

pH + pOH = 14

H3O • OH = 10 ^ -14

Question 14

What happens when you dilute an acid solution by ten

Answer 14

You change the concentration by • -10 and the pH goes up by one

However, it cannot pass the solute pH.

Question 15

What happens when you dilute a basic solution?

Answer 15

The pH decreases by one

However, it can never pass pH 7

Question 16

Can Ph be negative?

Answer 16

Yes!

Question 17

What is litmus

Answer 17

It is made from lichen

Red = acid

Blue = base

Question 18

For suggested abbreviations in the data booklet which one is for the base and which one is for acid

Answer 18

The left one is acid the right one is base

Question 19

Why are abbreviations used for indicators?

Answer 19

Because they have long formulas

Question 20

Three common acid-base indicators that you need to memorize

Answer 20

Lt = litmus

Bb = bromothymol blue

In = general indicator

Question 21

What are ph ranges to indicators

Answer 21

They range tell you what colour it is

Left of the Ph range would be that colour but more acidic

Vice versa with bases

If the ph is in-between the ranges then the colour would be mixed

Question 22

Which acids ionize by what amount?

Answer 22

Strong acids 99%

Weak acid > 50%

Question 23

Bases dissociate by what amount?

Answer 23

Strong bases = 100%

Weak acid > 50%

Question 24

What are weak acids?

Answer 24

None metal oxides

Question 25

What are strong acids NOT included in the data booklet?

Answer 25

CO3 -2 and group 1,2, ions

Question 26

What are strong bases

Answer 26

Metal hydroxides (nothing more)

Question 27

What are weak bases?

Answer 27

Ions, molecules, and ionic compounds

Question 28

How do you know if an equation is for an acid or a base?

Answer 28

Acids lose hydrogen

Bases gain hydrogen

Question 29

What is the percentage for each hydrolysis step

Answer 29

Less then 50%

Less then 1%

Around 0%

Question 30

What is a polyprotic

Answer 30

It can go through multiple hydrolyses

Question 31

How to do oxide bases

Answer 31

XO + H2O <50% 2OH + X

Question 32

What are the neutral anions

Answer 32

See data booklet

First six acids

Question 33

What type of oxides are bases or acids

Answer 33

Metal oxides = bases

Non-metal oxides = acids