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chem1&2 > Acids and Alkili > Flashcards

Acids and Alkili Flashcards

1
Q

Properties of acids

A
  • pH is less than 7
  • A source of hydrogen ions (H+)
  • The higher the concentration of H+ ions, the lower the pH of the acidic solution
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2
Q

Properties of alkalis

A
  • pH is more than 7
  • Source of hydroxide ions (OH-)
  • The higher the concentration of OH- ions, the higher the pH of the alkaline solution
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3
Q

pH scale

A

A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
Goes from 0-14
Neutral solutions are 7

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4
Q

Litmus

A 
Alkaline= blue
Acidic= red
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5
Q

Methyl orange

A 
Alkaline= yellow
Acidic= red
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6
Q

Phenolphthalein

A 
Alkaline= pink
Acidic= colour less
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7
Q

Concentrated acid

A

A concentrated acid contains a large mass of acid dissolved in a given volume of solution

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8
Q

Dilute acid

A

Contains a smaller mass of acid dissolved in a given volume of solution

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9
Q

Calculating concentration

A

Mass/volume

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10
Q

Calculating decimeter

A

cm/1000
or
mx1000

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11
Q

If the concentration changes by a factor of 10….

A

The pH will change by 1

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12
Q

Strong acids

A

Strong acids fully dissociate into their ions.

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13
Q

Weak acids

A

Weak acids partially dissociate into its ions

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14
Q

Base

A

A base is any substance that reacts with an acid to form a salt and water

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15
Q

Base+acid

A

Salt and water

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16
Q

Naming salts

A

The first name of the salt comes from the metal in the base

the second name comes from the acid used

17
Q

Metal+acid

A

Salt + hydrogen

18
Q

Metal carbonate+ acid

A

Salt+water +carbon dioxide

19
Q

Doing titration

A
  • Put acid into a burette
  • Use a pipette to put a known volume of alkali into a conical flask
  • Put a few drops of suitable indicator solution, such as phenolphthalein or methyl orange into the alkali
  • Record the burette start reading
  • Add acid to the alkali until the color changes
  • Record the burette end reading
20
Q

Solubility rules

A

All sodium, potassium and ammonium salts
All nitrates
All chlorides apart from silver and lead
All sulphates apart from lead, barium and calcium
Only sodium, potassium and ammonium hydroxide
Only sodium, potassium and ammonium carbonate

21
Q

Making insoluble salts

A

Mix solutions of two substances that will form the insoluble salt.
Filter the mixture. The salt will be trapped in the filter paper.
Wash the salt with distilled water
Leave the salt to dry on the filter paper.

22
Q

Test for hydrogen

A

Place a lit splint into the mouth of a test tube. If hydrogen is present, a loud pop noise will be made

23
Q

Test for Carbon dioxide

A

Bubble gas through lime water. If it turns milky, it is carbon dioxide.

24
Q

Neutralization core practical

A

Aim: to investigate the change in pH when calcium hydroxide is added to hydrochloric acid
Method:
- Add some dilute hydrochloric acid to the beaker.
- Measure and record the pH of the beaker
- Add a small mass of calcium hydroxide powder, stir, then measure and record the pH
- Repeat until the pH no longer changes

25
Q

Salts from bases core practical

A

Aim: to make a sample of pure dry hydrated copper sulfate crystals
Method:
- Add an excess of the copper oxide to the sulfuric acid in the beaker
- Filter to remove unreacted copper oxide
- Crystallize the copper sulfate solution by heating it.

26
Q

Using titration to make a salt

A
  • Carry out titration
  • Note the exact ratio of acid to alkali for neutralization
  • Use the burette to add the correct volume of acid
  • Evaporate the water from the solution formed
27
Q

Test for oxygen

A

Light a splint and blow it out
Place it into the mouth of a test tube
If the splint becomes re-lit, the gas is oxygen

28
Q

Test for chlorine

A

Place a piece of damp blue litmus paper with the gas

If the gas is chlorine, the litmus paper will be bleached white

chem1&2 (6 decks)

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