acids and alkalis Flashcards
what is an acid also known as?
A proton donor (H+ has no electrons and only protons )
what is an alkali also known as
a proton acceptor (H+ has no electrons and only protons )
what are some properties of an acid?
acids show their acidic properties when they are dissolved in water, they are corrosive at high concentrations. They turn blue litmus paper red.
Formula for :
carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, Ethanoic acid
H2CO3, H3PO4, CH3COOH
define a weak acid
a weak acid is an acid that only partially ionises/dissociates in water. An example of this is ethanoic acid
define a strong acid
a strong acid is an acid that fully ionises/dissociates in water. An example of this is HCl
what is the formula for an acid metal reaction
acid+ metal -> salt +hydrogen
eg : 2HCl (aq) +Mg(s)-> MgCl2(aq)+H2
what is the formula for an acid carbonate reaction
acid +metal carbonate -> salt+carbon dioxide+ water
eg:
2HCl(aq)+CaCO3(s)-> CaCl2(aq)+CO2(g)+H2O(l)
what is a base
a base is an alkali that is soluble in water
characteristics of bases are
they are slippery to the touch, they are corrosive at high concentrations, they turn red litmus paper blue
what is the ion from:
acids
alkalis
H+
OH-
what happens with a base +water
when bases are dissolved in water, it fully dissociates into ions like an acid but hydroxide ions are released instead of hydrogen ions
what salts are soluble
all nitrates are soluble, all common salts sodium, potassium and ammonium. most common chlorides, most common sulphates, Sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide
what salts are insoluble
Silver chloride, lead chloride, lead sulphate, barium sulphate ,calcium sulphate , Most common carbonates, Most common hydroxides
what are the solubility rules in practicals
is the salt soluble -> no? precipitaion
is the salt soluble-> yes-> is it a K or Na salt-> yes-> titration
is the salt soluble->yes-> is it a K or Na salt-> no-> react in excess
