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Combined Chemistry > acids and alkalis > Flashcards

acids and alkalis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the pH scale a measurement of?

A

The concentration of H+ ions

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2
Q

What is an indicator?

A

A substance that has different colours depending on the pH

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3
Q

What is the indicator practical?

A
  1. Add 3-4 drops of acid into four wells of a spotting tile
  2. Add 3-4 drops of alkali into four wells of a spotting tile
  3. Add 3-4 drops of water into four wells of a spotting tile
  4. Add methyl orange to the top three wells
  5. Add phenolpthalein into the next three
  6. Add both litmus papers in the next rows
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4
Q

The type of salt produced depends on what?

A

The metal and the type of acid involved in the reaction.

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5
Q

If the metal reacts with hydrochloric acid it makes _____?

A

metal chloride

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6
Q

If the metal reacts with sulphuric acid it makes _____?

A

Metal sulphate

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7
Q

Acid + Metal ->

A

Salt + Hydrogen

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8
Q

If the metal reacts with nitric acid it makes _____?

A

Metal nitrate

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9
Q

Acid + Metal hydroxide ->

A

Salt + water

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10
Q

Acid + Metal oxide ->

A

Salt + Water

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11
Q

Acid+ Metal carbonate ->

A

Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide

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12
Q

Group 3 creates what type of ion?

A

3+

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13
Q

Group 6 creates what type of ion?

A

3-

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14
Q

Balance the equation -
Ca + H20 -> Ca(OH)2 +H2

A

Ca + 2H20 -> Ca(OH)2 + H2

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15
Q

What salts are soluble?

A

All nitrates
All sodium salts
All potassium salts
All ammonium salts
Most chlorides
Most sulaftes

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16
Q

What salts are insoluble?

A

All carbonates
Silver chloride
Lead Chloride
Barium sulfate
Lead sulfate
Calcium sulfate

17
Q

How to make a pure dry insoluble salt?

A
  1. Add 20cm3 of 0.1m calcium nitrate to a beaker then add 20cm3 of 0.1m sodium carbonate to the beaker. A white insoluble precipitate will form in the beaker
  2. Pour the contents into a filter paper in a funnel. Wash the beaker with small amounts of distilled water and add to the funnel
  3. When all the liquid is drained through, remove the filter paper and lay flat to dry.
18
Q

How to make a soluble salt?

A
  1. Measure 25cm3 sulphuric acid and pour into a beaker
  2. Add copper carbonate, small spatula at a time and stir until it dissolves.
  3. Repeat until it no longer dissolves
    4.Place filter paper into a funnel and pour the mixture through into a conical flask.
  4. Pour into an evaporating basin and leave to evaporate on a window

Copper sulphate crystals will form

19
Q

How to make a soluble salt using titrations?

A
  1. Use a measuring cylinder to measure 10cm3 of the alkali sodium hydroxide
  2. Pour into a conical flask
  3. Add 3 drops of phenolpthalein
  4. Fill the burette with hydrochloric acid
  5. Stand the conical flask on a white tile with the burette positioned above
  6. Open the tap and let it run through, swirling the flask constantly until it becomes neutral
  7. Read how much acid was needed and record
  8. Repeat
20
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

Acids that fully dissociate into ions to produce H+ ions

21
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

Acids that partially dissociate into ions to produce H+ ions

22
Q

The higher the _______ of ________ ions in an acidic solution- the lower the pH

A
  1. Concentration
  2. Hydrogen
23
Q

The higher the _______ of ________ ions in an alkaline solution - the higher the pH

A
  1. Concentration
  2. Hydroxide
24
Q

What is the mole?

A

6.02 x10(power of 23)

25
Q

What is the mole equation?

A

mass
_____________________
moles x atomic mass

26
Q

What is a solute?

A

A solid that is dissolved into a solvent

27
Q

What is a solvent?

A

A solution that a solid will dissolve in normal water

28
Q

What is a solution?

A

Made up of a solute and a solvent

29
Q

What is concentration measured in?

A

g/dm(cubed)

30
Q

g/dm(cubed) is equal to how many cm?

A

1000cm

31
Q

How to get from cm(cubed) to dm(cubed)?

A

x1000
cm dm
/1000

32
Q

Concentration equation?

A

Mass of solute
______________________
Volume of a solution

33
Q

What is a limiting reactant?

A

The reactant that gets all used up ?

34
Q

The reactant left over is called?

A

The excess

35
Q

The mass of the product depends on the ————- ?

A

limiting reactant

Combined Chemistry (1 decks)

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