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Chemistry- Acids and Alkalis > Acids and Alkalis > Flashcards

Acids and Alkalis Flashcards

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1
Q

What can solutions be?

A

Acidic, alkaline or neutral

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2
Q

Pure water is…

A

Neutral

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3
Q

What are two acids found at home?

A

Vinegar and Lemon Juice

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4
Q

What are two acids found in the lab?

A

Sulfuric acid and Hydrochloric acid

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5
Q

What are three alkalis found at home?

A

Baking soda, bleach and indigestion tablets

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6
Q

What are some alkalis found in the lab?

A

Sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide

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7
Q

If a substance has the word hydroxide in its name, what is it?

A

an alkali e.g potassium hydroxide

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8
Q

What can indicators be used to find out?

A

Whether a solution is acidic, alkaline or neutral by the colour they turn.

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9
Q

What can plant extracts be used as?

A

Indicators e.g red cabbage is a different colour in different solutions

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10
Q

What are universal indicator and pH paper?

A

Indicators

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11
Q

When does universal indicator and pH paper turn red?

A

In acidic solutions

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12
Q

What colour does universal indicator and pH paper turn in neutral solutions?

A

Green

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13
Q

When does universal indicator and pH paper turn blue?

A

In alkaline solutions

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14
Q

What can universal indicator/pH paper be used to find?

A

the pH of a solution

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15
Q

What does the pH scale measure?

A

how acidic or alkaline a solution is

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16
Q

The pH scale is a numbered scale going from 0 to…

A

14

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17
Q

What number is an acid on the pH scale?

A

pH=less than 7

18
Q

What number is neutral on the pH scale?

A

pH=7

19
Q

What number is an alkali on the pH scale?

A

pH=grater than 7

20
Q

What pH value do very acidic solutions have?

A

the range from 0-2

21
Q

What pH value do weakly acidic solutions have?

A

the range from 3-6

22
Q

What pH value do very alkaline solutions have?

A

the range from 12-14

23
Q

What pH value do weakly alkaline solutions have?

A

the range from 8-11

24
Q

What does burning fossil fuels produce?

A

Carbon Dioxide

25
Q

When an acid and alkali react with each other in equal volumes what happens?

A

they are neutralised and form a solution with pH=7

26
Q

What happens when hydrochloric acid is neutralised using sodium hydroxide?

A

Sodium chloride (table salt) is made

27
Q

How can solid salt be obtained?

A

by evaporating the salt solution

28
Q

What is a use of neutralisation?

A

Indigestion (too much stomach acid) can be neutralised using magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia)

29
Q

What is a use of neutralisation?

A

Wasp stings are alkaline and can be neutralised by using vinegar (acidic)

30
Q

What is a use of neutralisation?

A

Bee stings are acidic and can be neutralised by using sodium bicarbonate (alkali) - acid soils an be treated with the alkali calcium hydroxide (known as lime).

31
Q

What word equation can represent the neutralisation reaction between an acid and alkali?

A

acid+alkali ⇾ salt + water

32
Q

What is an example of this reaction? (acid+alkali ⇾ salt + water)

A

Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide⇾ sodium chloride + water

33
Q

How can this word equation be represented in a symbol equation?

A

HCI + NaOH ⇾ NaCI + H2O

34
Q

There are many different salts. Where does the metal part of the salt come from?

A

The alkali

35
Q

Where does the non-metal part of the salt comes from?

A

the acid

36
Q

What is a salt?

A

A compound made up of a metal and a non-metal part.

37
Q

Describe the structure of an atom

A

An atom has a nucleus that contains protons and neutrons and the nucleus is surrounded by electrons in different shells.

38
Q

How do you know the number of electrons in an atom?

A

the same number of protons (number of protons=number of electrons)

39
Q

How can you find the number of neutrons in an atom?

A

the atomic mass - atomic number

40
Q

What is a controlled variable?

A

The one that doesn’t change

41
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

The one that is changed

42
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

The one that is measured

Chemistry- Acids and Alkalis (1 decks)

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