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Chemistry > Acids & Alkalis F4 > Flashcards

Acids & Alkalis F4 Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of an indicator

A

An indicator is a chemical which is one colour in acid and another in alkali

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2
Q

Red litmus in acid

A

Stays red

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3
Q

Red litmus in alkali

A

Turns blue

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4
Q

Blue litmus in acid

A

Turns red

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5
Q

Blue litmus in alkali

A

Stays blue

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6
Q

Phenolphalein in acid

A

Stays colourless

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7
Q

Phenolphalein in alkali

A

Turns pink

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8
Q

Methyl Orange in acid

A

Turns pink

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9
Q

Methyl Orange in alkali

A

Turns yellow

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10
Q

Advantages of an indicator

A
  • Shows different colours for acids and alkalis
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11
Q

Disadvantages of an indicator

A
  • Don’t tell us relative strengths

- Limited in their use

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12
Q

Universal indicators

A

Indicate the STRENGTH of the substance

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13
Q

pH of strong acid

A

0 - 2

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14
Q

pH of weak acid

A

3 - 6

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15
Q

pH of weak alkali

A

8 - 11

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16
Q

pH of strong alkali

A

12 - 14

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17
Q

Strong Acids

A
  • Hydrochloric Acid
  • Nitric Acid
  • Sulfuric Acid
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18
Q

Weak Acids

A
  • Ethanoic Acid

- Carbonic Acid

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19
Q

Neutral Substances

A
  • Water
  • Petrol
  • Ethanol
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20
Q

Weak Alkalis

A
  • Ammonia
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21
Q

Strong Alkalis

A
  • Sodium Hydroxide

- Potassium Hydroxide

22
Q

Definition of an acid

A

Substance which dissolves in water to produce HYDROGEN IONS.

23
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

One which is completely ionised in water and contains a high concentration of Hydrogen ions.

24
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

One which is partially ionised in water and contains a low concentration of Hydrogen ions.

25
Q

Definition of an alkali

A

A soluble base which dissolves in water to produce HYDROXIDE IONS.

26
Q

What is a weak alkali?

A

One which is partially ionised in water

27
Q

Definition of a base

A

Metal oxide or metal hydroxide

28
Q

Definition of concentration

A

How much of the original acid is dissolved in the solution

29
Q

Definition of neutralisation

A

Reaction between hydrogen ions of an acid and hydroxide ions of an alkali to produce water

30
Q

METAL + ACID

A

SALT + HYDROGEN (MASH)

31
Q

ACID + METAL OXIDE (base) =

A

SALT + WATER

32
Q

ACID + CARBONATE =

A

SALT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE

33
Q

ACID + HYDROGEN CARBONATE =

A

SALT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE

34
Q

ACID + AMMONIA =

A

AMMONIUM SALT

35
Q

Copper (II) Oxide colour and in solution

A

Black - (-)

36
Q

Copper (II) Carbonate colour and in solution

A

Green - (-)

37
Q

Copper (II) Sulfate colour and in solution

A

Blue - (-)

38
Q

Group 1 / 2, Al & Zn compounds

A

White - Colourless

39
Q

METAL + ACID Observations

A
  • Heat
  • Effervescence
  • Metal disappears
  • Colourless solution
40
Q

ACID + (HYDROGEN) CARBONATE Observations

A
  • Heat
  • Effervescence
  • Metal (hydrogen) carbonate disappears
  • Solution produced
    (coloured - transition metal)
    (clear - group 1 & 2)
41
Q

Test for Hydrogen

A

Lighted splint on mouth of test tube with Hydrogen gas burns in air with squeaky pop

42
Q

Test for Carbon Dioxide

A

Bubble Carbon Dioxide through limewater. Limewater turns from colourless to milky white.

43
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

A reaction that takes in heat.

44
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

A reaction that gives out heat. (all neutralisation reactions)

45
Q

What is a calorimeter?

A

Experimental apparatus used to measure temperature.

46
Q

What is a Salt?

A

A compound formed when some / all of the hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by metal ions.

47
Q

Soluble Salts from Insoluble Bases / Acids

A
  • 25cm of acid into conical flask
  • warm acid & add metal oxide until saturated
  • filter mixture
  • heat solution
  • leave to cool
48
Q

Soluble Salts from Soluble Bases / Alkalis

A
  • fill burette with dilute acid
  • pipette 25cm alkali to conical flask
  • 3 drops of phenolphalein
  • add acid from burette and mix
  • stop adding acid at end point (pink to colourless)
  • record volume of acid added
49
Q

ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURE for Soluble Bases / Alkalis

A
  • repeat titration with fresh samples of alkali until 2 concordant results are obtained
  • repeat titration without indicator
  • heat in evaporating basin
  • leave to cool
50
Q

Chemical equation for Hydrogen

A

Hydrogen + oxygen = water

Chemistry (11 decks)

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