Acids, Alkalis And Salts Flashcards
What is the pH scale
The pH scale, from 0-14 , can be used to classify solutions we strongly acidic, weakly acidic, neutral, weakly alkaline or strongly alkaline
What is the use of the universal indicator
To measure the approximate pH value of a solution
What are acids
Sources of hydrogen ions , H+
What are alkalis
Sources of hydroxide ions, OH-
Hydrochloride acid + metal ->
Metal chloride salt + hydrogen
Sulfuric acid + metal ->
Metal sulphate + hydrogen
Hydrochloric acid + metal oxide ->
Metal chloride salt + water
Nitric acid + metal oxide ->
Metal nitrate salt + water
Sulphuric acid + metal oxide ->
Metal sulfate + water
Hydrochloride acid + metal carbonate
-> metal chloride salt + water + carbon dioxide
Nitric acid + metal carbonate ->
Metal nitrate salt + water + CO2
Sulphuric acid + metal carbonate ->
Metal sulfate + water + CO2
All common sodium, potassium and ammonium salts are
Soluble
All nitrates are
Soluble
Common chlorides are………..except…….
Soluble except solve chloride
Common sulfates are …….. Except ……..
Soluble except barium and calcium
Common carbonates are ………except ……….
Insoluble except sodium, potassium and ammonium
Describe experiments to prepare insoluble salts using precipitation reactions
Silver nitrate and sodium chloride are added together,
the product, silver chloride is made,
This salt is insoluble and so will form a white precipitate in the solution
Describe experiments to prepare soluble salts from acids
Dilute sulphuric acid is added to an excess of magnesium. (Mg + H2SO4 -> MGSO4 + H2)
The left over magnesium is filtered off and the mixture is boiled down slowly to concentrate.
When it is cooked, crystals will form, these can be blotted dry with a piece of paper
Nitric sulfuric and hydrochloric acids make soluble salts with
Most metals
Ammonium, potassium and sodium make soluble sale with
Acids
What is used to distinguish between acid and alkaline solutions
Indicators litmus, phenolphthalein and methyl orange
