Acids, Alkalis and Bases

Question 1

what is nitric acid used to make?

Answer 1

fertiliser

Question 2

what is sulfuric acid used to make?

Answer 2

salts

Question 3

what is lactic acid used for?

Answer 3

anaerobic repsiration

Question 4

nitric acid formula

Answer 4

HNO3

Question 5

hydrochloric acid formula

Answer 5

HCl

Question 6

sulfuric acid formula

Answer 6

H2SO4

Question 7

Acid equation

Answer 7

acid+metal-salt+hydrogen

Question 8

what solution do acids form?

Answer 8

they form solutions containing hydrogen ions (H+)

Question 9

what solution do alkalis form?

Answer 9

they form solutions containing hydroxide ions (H-)

Question 10

the 3 bases

Answer 10

oxides, hydroxides, carbonates of metals

Question 11

what types of bases are alkalis?

Answer 11

bases that are soluble in water are called alkalis

Question 12

in water, what do acids produce?

Answer 12

hydrogen ions

Question 13

in water, what do alkalis produce?

Answer 13

hydroxide ions

Question 14

what is an alkali

Answer 14

a base that can dissolve in water

Question 15

method for the reaction of a base and an acid

Answer 15

1. put 25ml of sulfuric acid in a measuring cylinder, then pour into a beaker
2. use a balance to measure small amounts of cooper oxide
3. add small amounts of copper oxide until no more will dissolve in the acid
4. filter the mixture with filter paper and a funnel to remove the excess copper oxide
5. pour the solution into an evaporating dish and leave on a windowsill to crystallise
6. always add the base in excess as you can filter it afterwards

Question 16

use of precipitation reactions

Answer 16

1. this type of reaction is often used to treat waste water from industries
2. metal ions in the water can be reacted with a salt solution to form a precipitate
3. this is then filtered out and the water can be returned to rivers and streams safely

Question 17

what is ammonia?

Answer 17

ammonia is a gas at room temperature but dissolves easily in water

Question 18

how do you form ammonium ions?

Answer 18

react ammonia with water

Question 19

is ammonia an acid or alkali?

Answer 19

alkali - it forms hydroxide ions in water

Question 20

what can ammonia do?

Answer 20

ammonia can neutralise acids just like any other alkali, and can be harmful to eyes and skin

Question 21

why are ammonium salts important?

Answer 21

they are used for artificial plant fertilisers as they are soluble in water and supply plants with essential nitrogen in a usable form