Acids ad Bases Flashcards
What are solutions?
They are single phase systems produced when one component (the solute) is dissolved into another one (the solvent). In general, the solute is present in smaller amounts in the solution compared to the solvent.
What are positive ions called?
Cations
What are negative ions called?
Anions
What is an electrolyte?
It is a molecule that will form ions when placed in a suitable solvent.
What can electrolytes be classified as?
acids bases salts
What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition for acids and bases?
Acids are proton donors. Bases are Proton receivers.
What is an amphoteric?
Molecule that can act as a base or acid.e.g Water
What happens when you react an acid and base?
Neutralisation occurs, producing and ionic compound (salt).
What makes a solvent polar?
For solvents without a permanent charge, polarity exists if there is a significant difference in the electronegativities of the atoms forming the solvent molecule.This creates a dipole moment.
What is a dipole moment?
This can be defined as a separation of charges over a distance.
What is the dielectric constant?
It is a common measurement of polarity.The higher the value, the more polar the solvent.
How are dilutions performed?
Dilutions are performed by increasing the amount of solvent, but keeping the amount of solute the same. As a consequence, your final concentration will be lower than what you started with.
What is the dilution equation?
C1 x V1 = C2 x V2 where: C1 is the concentration of solution 1 V1 is the volume of solution 1 C2 is the concentration of solution 2 V2 is the concentration of solution 2 The units for C1 and C2 should be the same AND the units for V1 and V2 should be the same.
What is the acidity dissociation constant for a weak/strong acid?
What is the Henderson-Hasselbach equation?
How to convert Ka to pKa using log rules?
