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GSHS Edexcel Chemistry > Acids > Flashcards

Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

What measurement do we use to see how acidic or alkaline a substance is?

A

pH scale

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2
Q

What is the pH of an acid?

A

pH 1-6

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3
Q

What is the pH of an alkali?

A

pH 8-14

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4
Q

What name is given to a substance that changes colour depending on how acid or alkaline a substance is?

A

Indicator

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5
Q

Name 3 indicators

A

Any 3: universal indicator, litmus, methyl orange, phenolphthalein

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6
Q

How do you describe a substance with pH7?

A

Neutral

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7
Q

Name three acids

A

Any 3: Hydrochloric, nitric, sulphuric, ethanoic

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8
Q

Name an alkali

A

Sodium hydroxide

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9
Q

Name two neutral substances

A

Water, salty water

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10
Q

Why are concentrated acids and alkalis hazardous?

A

They are corrosive

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11
Q

Why are dilute acids and alkalis hazardous?

A

They are irritants

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12
Q

What safety precautions should you make when using acids and alkalis

A

Wear goggles, wear gloves

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13
Q

When acids dissolve in water, what ions do they release?

A

Hydrogen ions, H+

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14
Q

When alkalis dissolve in water, what ions do they release?

A

Hydroxide ions, OH-

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15
Q

What is a base?

A

A substance that reacts with an acid in a neutralisation reaction

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16
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A soluble base, e.g. sodium hydroxide

17
Q

What happens to the H+ and OH- ions from the acid and base during neutralisation?

A

They react together to form water:

H+ + OH- –> H2O

18
Q

What factor does an acid need to be diluted by to increase the pH by 1?

A

10

19
Q

What factor does an alkali need to be diluted by to decrease the pH by 1?

A

10

20
Q

What is the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?

A

Strong acids fully dissociate, weak acids slightly dissociate

21
Q

What is the difference between a concentrated acid and a dilute acid?

A

Concentrated acids have lots of acid particles in a given volume. Dilute acids have fewer particles in a given volume.

22
Q

What are the units for concentration?

A

mol/dm3 (moles per cubic decimetre)

23
Q

Two acids have H+ concentrations of 1mol/dm3 and 0.001mol/dm3. What is the difference in pH?

A

3

24
Q

Two alkalis have OH- concentrations of 0.1 and 0.00001mol/dm3. What is the difference in pH?

A

4

GSHS Edexcel Chemistry (2 decks)

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