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Chemistry F321 > Acids > Flashcards

Acids Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the formula of hydrochloride acid?

A

HCl

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1
Q

What is an acid?

A

A species that is a proton donator. It releases H⁺ ions in aqueous solutions.

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2
Q

What is the formula of sulfuric acid?

A

H₂SO₄

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3
Q

What is the formula of nitric acid?

A

HNO₃

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4
Q

What is a base? What are common bases?

A

A species that is a proton acceptor. It readily accepts H⁺ ions from an acid. Common bases are metal oxides, metal hydroxides and ammonia.

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5
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A soluble base that releases OH⁻ ions in aqueous solution.

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6
Q

What is the formula of sodium hydroxide?

A

NaOH

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7
Q

What is the formula of potassium hydroxide?

A

KOH

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8
Q

What is the formula of aqueous ammonia?

A

NH₃(aq)

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9
Q

What is a salt?

A

Any chemical compound formed from an acid when a H⁺ ion from the acid has been replaced by a metal ion or another positive ion.

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10
Q

What is a cation?

A

A positively charged ion.

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11
Q

What is an anion?

A

A negatively charged ion.

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12
Q

What is an anhydrous substance?

A

A substance that contains no water molecules.

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13
Q

What is a hydrated compound?

A

A crystalline compound containing water molecules.

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14
Q

What is the water of crystallisation?

A

Water molecules that form an essential part of the crystalline structure of compound, separated from the empirical formula of a compound by a dot.

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15
Q

What is oxidation?

A

The loss of electrons; the gain of oxygen; the increase in oxidation number.

16
Q

What is reduction?

A

The gain of electrons; the loss of oxygen; the decrease in oxidation number.

17
Q

What is a redox reactions?

A

A reaction in which both oxidation and reduction take place.

18
Q

What is a reducing agent?

A

An agent that adds electrons to (reduces) another species.

19
Q

What is an oxidising agent?

A

A reagent that takes electrons from (oxidises) another species.

20
Q

Describe the reaction of an acid with a carbonate.

A

Acid + Carbonate → Salt + CO₂ + H₂O

21
Q

Describe the reaction of an acid with a base.

A

Acid + Base → Salt + H₂O

22
Q

Describe the reaction of an acid with an alkali.

A

Acid + Alkali → Salt + H₂O

Chemistry F321 (5 decks)

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