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chemistry topic 3: chemical changes > acids > Flashcards

acids Flashcards

1
Q

what do acids produce in aqueous solutions

A

H⁺ ions

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2
Q

what do alkalis produce in aqueous solutions

A

OH⁻ ions

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3
Q

what is the pH scale

A

the pH scale (0-14) measures the acidity of alkalinity

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4
Q

how can you measure the pH

A

using a universal indicator of a pH probe

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5
Q

what pH is neutral

A

pH 7

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6
Q

what pH is acidic

A

< pH 7

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7
Q

what pH is alkaline

A

> pH 7

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8
Q

phenolphthalein + alkali

A

pink

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9
Q

phenolphthalein + acidic

A

colourless

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10
Q

methyl orange + alkaline

A

yellow

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11
Q

methyl orange + acidic

A

red

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12
Q

litmus solution + alkaline

A

blue

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13
Q

litmus solution + acidic

A

red

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14
Q

blue litmus paper + acidic

A

red

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15
Q

blue litmus paper + alkaline

A

stays blue

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16
Q

red litmus paper + acidic

A

stays red

17
Q

red litmus paper + alkaline

A

blue

18
Q

what does the concentration of H⁺ ions mean in an acid solution

A

a higher concentration of H⁺ ions means that the solution is more acidic, thus having a lower pH

19
Q

what does the concentration of OH⁻ ions mean in an alkaline solution

A

a higher concentration of OH⁻ ions means the that solution is more alkaline, thus having a higher pH

20
Q

what happens when the pH decreases by one unit

A

the H⁺ concentration of the solution increases by a factor of 10

21
Q

what is strong and weak not the same as

A

concentrated and dilute

22
Q

what does concentrated and dilute refer to

A

concentrated and dilute refers to the amount of substance whereas

23
Q

what does strong and weak refer to

A

refers to the H⁺ ion concentration in aqueous solutions

24
Q

concentrated

A

larger amount of substance in a given volume of solution

25
Q

dilute

A

lesser amount of substance in a given volume of a solution

26
Q

what is dissociation

A

dissociation is where an acid breaks down to release H⁺ ions in solution

27
Q

what does a strong acid do in an aqueous solution

A

fully dissociates

28
Q

what does a weak acid do in an aqueous solution

A

partially dissociates

29
Q

acid + base → ?

A

acid + base → salt + water

30
Q

acid + metal → ?

A

acid + metal → salt + hydrogen gas

31
Q

acid + metal oxide → ?

A

acid + metal oxide → salt + water

32
Q

acid + metal carbonate → ?

A

acid + metal carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide

33
Q

why are metal oxides normally bases

A

because there are insoluble

34
Q

what is the test for hydrogen

A

use a burning splint held at the open end of a test tube of the gas. if there is hydrogen it creates a squeaky pop sound

35
Q

what is the test for carbon dioxide

A

bubble gas through the limewater (calcium hydroxide solution) and it will turn milky (cloudy) if it is carbon dioxide

chemistry topic 3: chemical changes (1 decks)

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