Acides et bases Flashcards

1
Q

Solution basique

A

contient des ions hydroxyde HO-

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2
Q

Solution acide

A

contient des ions oxonium H3O+

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3
Q

Base ou acide fort

A

se dissout TOTALEMENT dans l’eau

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4
Q

Réaction entre solution acide fort et base forte

A

ions oxonium (H3O+) et hydroxyde (HO-) forment l’eau

réaction quasi-totale, rapide, exothermique

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5
Q

Acide de Brønsted

A

espèce chimique capable de donner proton H+

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6
Q

Base de Brønsted

A

espèce chimique capable de capter proton H+

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7
Q

Couple acide-base

ex. donner base conjuguée de CH3COOH ou acide conjugué de NH3

A

Acide Base + H+

HA <=> A- + H+
BH+ <=> B + H+

(CH3COO- et NH4+)

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8
Q

pH =

A

-log[H3O+]

[H3O+] en mol/L
pH sans unité

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9
Q

H3O+ =

A

10^-pH

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10
Q

Réaction autoprotolyse de l’eau

A

H2O + H2O <=> H3O+ + HO-

Cette réaction = équilibre chimique très peu déplacé vers la droite

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11
Q

Constante d’équilibre Ke

ou produite ionique de l’eau =

A

à 25 degrés C
Ke = [H3O+] • [HO-] =
1,0 • 10^-14

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12
Q

pH (d’une solution d’un acide fort) =

A

-log[Ca]

[Ca] = concentration en H3O+ donc concentration en acide introduit

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13
Q

pH (d’une solution d’une base forte) =

A

= 14 + log[Cb]

avec [Cb] = [HO-]

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14
Q

Acide faible

A

ne réagit pas totalement avec l’eau

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15
Q

Constante d’équilibre Ka =

A

{baseH3O+} / acide

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16
Q

pKa =

A

-log(Ka)

17
Q

Ka =

A

10^-pKa

18
Q

Plus un acide est dissocié dans l’eau: (3 éléments)

A
  • plus il est fort
  • plus son pKa est petit
  • plus son Ka est grand
19
Q

Espèce prédominante devant une autre

A

> sa concentration est supérieure à celle de l’autre espèce

20
Q

Relation liant pH et pKa

A

pH = pKa + log([base]/[acide])