Acid-controlling Drugs Flashcards
H2 Receptor Agonists (Histamine) function
Reduce acid secretion
Histamine 2 receptor antagonist drug names
Cimetidine, Nizatidine, Famotidine, Ranitidine
H2 Receptor antagonist adverse effects
Very few. In elderly can cause disorientation and confusion. Take 1-2 hours before antacids, may impact GI environment for absorption
Proton Pump inhibitors function
Block gastric acid secretion
Proton pump inhibitor drugs
Lansoprazole, Omeprazole, Rabeprazole, Pantoprazole, Esomeprazole
PPIs effects
Generally well tolerated. Osteoporosis, pneumonia, link between PPIs and dementia. Take 1-2 hours AFTER antacids
Sucralfate function
Mucosal protectant, acts locally not systemically. Used for stress ulcers. Performs protective barrier over ulcer and protects from pepsin
Adsorbent function
Coats the walls of the GI tract and binds the toxin for elimination through the stool
Adsorbent drug name
Bismuth subsalicylate
Anticholinergics function
Works on the smooth muscle of the GI tract to inhibit motility and decrease gastric acid secretion
Anticholinergic drug name
Hyoscyamine, atropine
Opiate-like drug
LOPERAMIDE
Adsorbent considerations
Do not give to children or teens with chickenpox or influenza. Use carefully in elderly, decreases absorption. BLACK TONGUE
Anticholinergic considerations
Contraindicated in patients with narrow angle glaucoma, GI obstruction, graves disease. Causes anticholinergic effects
Opiate like drugs consideration
Can cause CNS depression. BLACK BOX WARNING abnormal heart rhythm
Probiotics considerations
Safe for use in children. Help replenish normal bacterial flora in GI tract. May cause gas and bloating
Stool softeners function
Facilitates movement of water and fats into stool. Usually produces bowel movement in 12 to 72 hours. Can cause abdominal cramping
Stool softener drug name
Docusate sodium (colace)
Osmotic agents function
Causes water to be retained with the stool, increases number of bowel movements and softening the stool. MIX in 4-8 OZ of beverage and drink.
Osmotic agent drugs
Polyethylene glycol or PEG. Milk of magnesia, lactulose
Lubricant function
Coats stool to help seal in water. Generally produces bowel movement in 2 to 15 minutes.
Lubricant drug name
Mineral oil (fleet enema)
Stimulant function
Cause the intestines to contract, inducing stool to move through the colon
Stimulant drug name
Bisacodyl, senna