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Acid Controlling Drugs > Acid Controlling Drugs > Flashcards

Acid Controlling Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What substances secrets stomach!

A

Hydrochloric acid
Bicarbonate
Pepsinogen
Intrinsic factor
Mucus
Prostaglandins

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2
Q

What is HCL?

A

Hydrochloric acid
-an acid secreted by parietal cells in the lining of the stomach that maintains the environment of the stomach at a pH 1-4.
-aids in digestion
-serves as barrier to infection

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3
Q

What is bicarbonate?

A

A base that is natural mechanism to prevent hyperacidity

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4
Q

What is pepsinogen?

A

An enzymatic precursor to pepsin, an enzyme that digest dietary proteins

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5
Q

What is intrinsic factor?

A

A gylcoprotein that facilitates gastric absorption of Vit B 12

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6
Q

What is mucus?

A

Protects stomach lining from both hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes

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7
Q

Prostaglandins

A

Have a variety of anti-inflammatory and protective function

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8
Q

3 primary types of glands in the stomach

A

Cardiac
Gastric
Pyloric

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9
Q

Where is cardiac gland located?

A

Around cardiac sphincter also know as gastroesophageal sphincter

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10
Q

Location of gastric glands

A

Fundus the greater part of the body of the stomach

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11
Q

Location of pyloric gland

A

Pyloric region

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12
Q

What is gastric glands?

A

Highly specialized secretary glands composed of several different types of cells: parietal
Chief
Mucous
Endocrine
Enterochromaffin

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13
Q

What are three most important cell types?

A

Parietal cells
Chief cells
Mucous cell

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14
Q

What does parietal cell produce and secrete?

A

HCL
They are the primary site of action of many of the drugs used to treat acid-relates disorders

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15
Q

What chief cells secrete?

A

Pepsinogen a proenzyme that becomes pepsin when activated by exposure to acid

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16
Q

What does pepsin do in stomach?

A

Breaks downs proteins, smaller polypeptides, and amino avid

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17
Q

How is pepsin referred?

A

Proteolytic enzyme

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18
Q

What is another name for mucous cell and what they do?

A

Surface epithelial cells and they ate mucus secreting cells

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19
Q

What is function of the mucous?

A

Serves a protective coating agains the digestive action of HCL and digestive enzymes

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20
Q

What happens when the balance between three cells and their secretions is impaired?

A

Acid related disease can occur

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21
Q

What is the most harmful disease that can occur

A

It involves acid hyper secretion and includes peptic ulcer disease PUD and esophageal cancer

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22
Q

What is the most common acid relates disease?

A

Mild to moderate hyperacidity such as indigestion sour stomach heartburn and acid stomach

23
Q

What substance can secrete HCL by the parietal cell?

A

Certain food such as chocolate
Caffein
Alcohol
Emotional stress

24
Q

Which cell is primary target for many of the most effective drugs for treatment of acid related disorders

A

Parietal cells

25
Q

What 3 types of the receptors can you find in wall of parietal cells

A

Acetycholine ACh
Histamine
Gastrin

26
Q

What happens when these receptors is occupied y its corresponding chemical stimulant?

A

The parietal cell will produce and secrete HCL

27
Q

What is the proton pump?

A

The hydrogen-potassium -adenosine triposphatase ATPase a pump for transport of hydrogen ions located in parietal cell. If energy is presented the proton pump will be activated and the pump will be able to transport hydrogen ions needed to produce HCL

28
Q

What drives the proton pump for ACh and gastrin receptor

A

Calcium ions

29
Q

What drives proton pump for histamine receptor?

A

Production of adenylate cuclase which converts adenosine triphosphate ATP to cyclic adenosine monophosphate cAMP which provides energy for the proton pump

30
Q

stress ulcer prophylaxis or therapy that prevents sever GI damage is undertaken in which cases?

A

Almost every critically ill patient in Crictial Care Unit CCU and for many patients on general medical surgical units

31
Q

Factors related to stress related mucosal damage

A

Decrease blood flow
Mucosal ischema
Hypoperfusion
Reperfusion injury

32
Q

What is curling ulcer

A

Acute peptic ulcer of duodenum that occurs in patients with sever burns resulting decreased blood volume which leads to ischemia and cell necrosis of the gastric mucosa

33
Q

What is antacids

A

Basic compounds to neutralize stomach acids

34
Q

How does the bicarbonate reacts with stomach HCL

A

Release carbon dioxide gas that is quickly absorbed but sometimes results in release of the gas as a burp

35
Q

What is alginate

A

A tasteless substance dervied from kelp or seaweed
It is not antacids but creates a physical gel barrier floating between gastric acid and esophagus which prevents acid to go into esophagus

36
Q

Example of antacid containing alginate sodium

A

Gaviscon

37
Q

Peppermint

A

Most common added to antacids and it relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter so that gas can be released

38
Q

Why would not peppermint good for patients with GERD

A

A stomach acid would flow back into esophagus

39
Q

What other antacid formulation exits

A

Aluminum and calcium based antacid formulation

40
Q

What do aluminium and calcium based antacid formulation that includes magnesium contribute to

A

Contributes acid neutralizing capacity and counteracts the constipating effects of aluminium and calcium

41
Q

Which calcium salts is commonly used

A

Calcium carbonate

42
Q

What condition can calcium antacids lead to

A

Developmental of kidney stone and increased gastric acid secretion

43
Q

Which patient should avoid antacids containing magnesium

A

Kidney failure patient

44
Q

How does sodium bicarbonate work

A

Highly soluble antacid with quick onset but short duration of action

45
Q

What does antacids promote

A

Gastric mucosal defensive mechanisms by stimulating the secretion of mucus, prostaglandins and bicarbonate from the cells i side the gastric glands

46
Q

What does mucus serve

A

Mucus serves as a protective barrier against the destructive actions of HCL

47
Q

What does bicarbonate do?

A

Buffers acidity of HCL

48
Q

What does prostaglandins do?

A

Prevents histamine from binding to its corresponding parietal cell receptor which inhibits production of adenylate cyclase. Without cyclase no cAMP can be formed and no second messenger is available to activate proton pump

49
Q

What is primary drug effect of antacids?

A

The reduction of symptoms associated with various acid-related disorders such as pain and reflux

50
Q

Indications for antacids

A

Acute relief of symptoms associated with peptic ulcer gastritis gastric hyperacidity and reflux

51
Q

Contraindication of antacids

A

Allergy to specific drug product
Sever kidney failure
Electrolyte disturbance
GI obstruction

52
Q

Adverse reactions

A

Magnesium preparation particularly milk of magnesia can cause diarrhea

53
Q

Adverse reactions antacids

A

Aluminium and calcium containing formulation result in constipation
Calcium can cause kidney stones and rebound hyperacidity or acid rebound

54
Q

Other adverse effects

A

Long term self medication with antacids may mask symptoms of serious underlying condition such as bleeding ulcer or malignancy

Acid Controlling Drugs (2 decks)

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