Acid controlling (before midterm)

Question 1

Antacids that contain aluminum salts may result in which adverse effect? a. Diarrhea
b. Constipation
c. Intestinal flatulence d. Abdominal cramping

Answer 1

ANS: B
Aluminum-based antacids have a constipating effect and an acid-neutralizing capacity

Question 1

Antacids containing magnesium should be used cautiously in patients with which condition?
a. Peptic ulcer disease
b. Renal failure
c. Hypertension
d. Heart failure

Answer 1

ANS: B
The failing kidney cannot excrete the extra magnesium, and accumulation may occur.

Question 2

H2 antagonists, such as cimetidine, may inhibit the absorption of drugs that require an acidic gastrointestinal environment. Which drug requires an acidic gastrointestinal environment?
a. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
b. Ranitidine (Zantac®)
c. Tetracycline d. Ketoconazole

Answer 2

ANS: D
Ketoconazole requires an acidic gastrointestinal environment for gastric absorption.

Question 3

A patient has been taking cimetidine for hyperacidity but says that the medication has not been effective. What is the patient doing that may be influencing the effectiveness of this drug?
a. The patient is taking the cimetidine with meals.
b. The patient is smoking two packs of cigarettes a day.
c. The patient is avoiding caffeine, alcohol, and harsh spices.
d. The patient is taking an antacid 1 hour before or after taking the cimetidine dose

Answer 3

ANS: B
Smoking may impair the absorption of H2 antagonists. Taking cimetidine with meals; avoiding caffeine, alcohol, and harsh spices; and taking an antacid 1 hour before or after the cimetidine dose are proper interventions for this medication.

Question 4

A patient is taking omeprazole (Losec®) for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. What important information should the nurse give the patient about this medication?
a. The medication is taken once a day after meals.
b. The patient will be taking this medication for long-term therapy.
c. The medication may be dissolved in a liquid for better absorption.
d. The entire capsule should be taken whole and not crushed, chewed, or opened.

Answer 4

ANS: D
An entire omeprazole capsule should be taken whole and not crushed, chewed, or opened. Omeprazole is intended for short-term therapy and should be taken before meals.

Question 5

Which drug is used for the management of conditions associated with excessive gas production?
a. famotidine (Pepcid®)
b. aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide (Maalox®)
c. calcium carbonate
d. simethicone (Oval®)

Answer 5

ANS: D
Simethicone alters the elasticity of mucus-coated bubbles, causing them to break, and is used as an over-the-counter antiflatulent

Question 6

A 75-year-old woman reports experiencing indigestion, stomach pain, and frequent belching. She tells the nurse that she has been taking sodium bicarbonate five or six times a day for the past 3 weeks. Which hazard does the nurse know can possibly result from excessive use of sodium bicarbonate?
a. Excess belching
b. Constipation
Dc. Systemic alkalosis
d. Stomach secretion of excess mucus

Answer 6

ANS: C
Excessive use of sodium bicarbonate may lead to systemic alkalosis.

Question 7

A patient has been diagnosed with a peptic ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori. The physician has recommended 2 weeks of combination therapy with omeprazole and an antibiotic. Which antibiotic will be chosen for this therapy?
a. cephalexin hydrochloride
b. ampicillin sodium
c. sulfisoxazole
d. clarithromycin

Answer 7

ANS: D
Clarithromycin is active against H. pylori and is used in combination with omeprazole to eradicate the bacteria

Question 8

A patient asks why calcium carbonate is not often used as an antacid. What is the nurse’s best explanation to the patient?
a. Its use may result in kidney stones.
b. It causes decreased gastric acid production.
c. It often causes severe constipation.
d. It may result in fluid retention and edema

Answer 8

ANS: A
Calcium carbonate is not often used as an antacid because it may cause kidney stones. It also causes increased gastric acid production.

Question 9

A patient is taking several medications, including twice-daily dosages of antacids. What important information about taking the antacids should the nurse give this patient?
a. The medications can be taken with the antacids.
b. The antacids should be taken 1 to 2 hours before or after the other medications.
c. The antacids should be taken at least 4 hours apart from the other medications.
d. The patient will not be able to take the antacid therapy at this time.

Answer 9

ANS: B
The antacids should be given as ordered but not within 1 to 2 hours of other medications because of the effect of antacids on the absorption of oral medications.

Question 10

Which classification of medications is considered triple therapy for treatment of erosive esophagitis?
a. H2 antagonists
b. Proton pump inhibitors
c. General antacids
d. Prostaglandin inhibitors

Answer 10

ANS: B
Proton pump inhibitors are currently indicated as triple therapy for erosive esophagitis.