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Chemistry > Acid, Bases and Salts > Flashcards

Acid, Bases and Salts Flashcards

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1
Q

What color is methyl orange in acidic, alkalis and neutral solutions?

A

Acid - Red
Alkali - Yellow
Neutral - Orange

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2
Q

What color is thymolphthalein in acidic, alkalis and neutral solutions?

A

Acid - Colorless
Alkali - Blue
Neutral - Colorless

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3
Q

What color is blue litmus paper acidic, neutral and alkali solutions?

A

Acid - Turns red
Alkali - Stays blue
Neutral - Stays blue

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4
Q

What color is red litmus paper acidic, neutral and alkali solutions?

A

Acid - Stays red
Alkali - Turns blue
Neutral - Stays red

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5
Q

Acid + Metal →

A

Salt + Hydrogen

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6
Q

Acid + Base →

A

Salt + Water

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7
Q

Acid + Metal Carbonate →

A

Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

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8
Q

Acid + Metal Oxide/Hydroxide →

A

Salt + Water

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9
Q

Why are metal oxides normally based rather than alkalis?

A

Metal oxides are normally insoluble.
Alkalis are soluble bases.

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10
Q

What do acids produce in an aqueous solution?

A

H+ ions

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11
Q

What do bases produce in an aqueous solution?

A

OH- ions

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12
Q

What is pH?

A

The concentration of H+ ions in 1litre of a solution

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13
Q

Define Acids

A

Are proton donors
Are chemical compound that produce H+ ion in aqueous solution

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14
Q

Define Bases

A

Are proton acceptors as they ionize/dissociates in aq. solutions producing OH- ions

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15
Q

Differentiate between Strong and Weak Acids and Bases

A

STRONG:
completely ionizes/dissociates in aq. solution
WEAK:
partially ionizes in aq. solution

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16
Q

How is the relative acidity and alkalinity of a solution quantified?

A

Using pH scale/ universal indicator

17
Q

which pH values describe an acid, alkali and neutral solution?

A

Acid - pH less than 7
Neutral - pH = 7
Basic - pH greater than 7

18
Q

What is an oxide?

A

A chemical compound formed when an element reacts with oxygen in the air

19
Q

Types of Metallic Oxides
Describe Them

A

Basic Oxides:
generally formed when a metal reacts with oxygen (EG: CaO)
Amphoteric Oxides:
they can neutralise both acids and bases to form a salt and water. Have both basic and acidic properties (EG: Al2O3)

20
Q

Types of NM Oxides
Describe Them

A

Acidic Oxides:
an oxide that either produces an acidic solution upon addition to water and is formed when NM reacts with O2 (EG: CO2)
Neutral Oxides:
oxides which do not exhibit acidic nor basic characteristics (EG: H2O)

21
Q

An insoluble base reacts with an acid to form a soluble salt. How can the salt be removed from the solution?

A

1: Add excess base to the acid
2: Filter the mixture and saturate the solution
3: Let crystals form
4; Let the water evaporate, then filter, wash and dry the crystals (excess method)

22
Q

What is PRECIPITATION?

A

Precipitation is how insoluble salts are prepared
Method:
Dissolve salts in water and mix together
Filter to remove precipitate from mixture
Wash the salt (precipitate) to remove traces of other soluble impurities/ solutions
Leave salt in oven to dry

23
Q

What is TITRATION?

A

Titration is how soluble salts are prepared
Method:
Put a certain amount of alkali in a flask
Add few drops of indicator solution
Add the acid very slowly from the burette, stir until colorless
Find out how much acid you used and repeat the process to be more accurate
Heat the solution, forming a saturate solution and leave to crystalize

24
Q

If you are given a salt, how to you identify the first part of the name?

A

first part of name e.g. magnesium → use a base containing magnesium e.g. magnesium hydroxide

25
Q

Why is excess added?

A

To make sure all the acid has neutralized/reacted

26
Q

If you are given a salt, how to you identify the last part of the name (acid)?

A

chloride - hydrochloric acid
nitrate - nitric acid
sulfate - sulfuric acid

Chemistry (2 decks)

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