Acid Base (Wall)

Question 1

Define Acid

Answer 1

Substance that can donate a Hydrogen

Question 2

Define Base

Answer 2

Substance that can accept a Hydrogen

Question 3

Volatile acids are what?

Answer 3

Can be converted to carbon dioxide. When carbon dioxide is taken in, it is converted to carbonic acid when it combines with water. Eliminated by Lungs

Question 4

What are non-wolatile acids?

Answer 4

Non-carbonic. Are eliminated by the kidney.

Question 5

How is pH measured clinically?

Answer 5

By looking at arterial blood gasses

Question 6

Reduced pH just means what?

Answer 6

Elevated H+ concentration…leads to acideima

Question 7

Increased pH means what

Answer 7

Reduced hydrogen ion concentration….alkalosis

Question 8

Bicarbonate buffer system equation is what?

Answer 8

CO2 + H20 H+ + HCO3-

Question 9

If you double the H+ concentration, what happens to pH?

Answer 9

It goes up by .3

Question 10

Hydreogen ion concentration is about equal to what?

Answer 10

80 - the last two digits of the pH. so a pH of 7.30 has a H+ concentration of about 80-30…50.

Question 11

How do you define a metabolic disorder?

Answer 11

Any process that alters bicarbonate concetration

Question 12

Define respiratory disorders?

Answer 12

Any process that alters CO2.

Question 13

What is our major extracellular buffer?

Answer 13

Bicarbonate

Question 14

What is the isohydric principle?

Answer 14

That all buffers move in the same direction

Question 15

What are secondary compensatory mechanisms?

Answer 15

serve as the second defense to changes in pH.

Question 16

How does the respiratory system compensate for metabolic disorders (disorders involving HCO3-?

Answer 16

Compensates by altering CO2

Question 17

How does the kidney correct respiratory disorders?

Answer 17

Alters bicarbonate.

Question 18

golden rules for acid base disorders?

Answer 18

1) PCO2 and HCO3 always shift in the same direction
2. ) The secondary physiologic mechanisms must be present
3. ) The compensatory mechanisms never fully correct pH

Question 19

How might one develop metabolic acidosis?

Answer 19

First off, metabolic acidosis occurs when bicarbonate drops below its normal level. Bicarbonate is used daily to buffer acids made by protein digestion. This bicarbonate is replaced by the kidney. So… If the kidney isnt replacing the bicarbonate…acidosis
If you are losing bicarbonate through diarrhea…acidosis
Proximal tubule problem (not reabsorbing bicarbonate)…acidosis
Most common….addittiion of endogenous acid (lactic or ketoacid) lactic produced when we are anaerobic (shock). Prolonged fast produces keto acids when fat is metabolized. exogenous would be like an aspirin overdose.
There are more…see pwrpt

Question 20

What is respiratory acidosis

Answer 20

CO2 retention

Question 21

Causes of respiratory acidosis?

Answer 21

hypercapnia (decreased alvelar ventilation….anything taht reduces ventilation acutely.
COPD from smoking

Question 22

What has a greater change in pH, acute respiratory or chronic respiratory?

Answer 22

Acute because the kidney hasnt had time to correct it

Question 23

Chloride changes equally and inversely to HCO3- to maintain equal charges

Answer 23

true

Question 24

What cuases metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 24

The only real cause is loss of H+ out of the GI tract (vomitting) or into the urine( diuretics)