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FRCA Physiology > Acid Base Physiology > Flashcards

Acid Base Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

A low PO2 in the blood directly stimulates medullary chemoreceptors

A

False

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2
Q

CO2 in the blood directly stimulates medullary chemorecptors

A

False

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3
Q

H+ ions in the blood directly stimulate medullary chemoreceptors

A

False

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4
Q

H+ ions in the blood directly stimulate carotid body chemoreceptors

A

False

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5
Q

The baroreceptor response to hypotension includes respiratory stimulation

A

True

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6
Q

A pH of 7.0 equates to a hydrogen ion concentration of 100nmol/L

A

True

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7
Q

pH is defined as the neagtive Log of the hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L

A

True

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8
Q

Albumin is an important intracellular buffer

A

False

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9
Q

Carbonic anhydrase catalyses the reaction between water and CO2

A

True

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10
Q

Alkalosis lowers free inonized calcium concentration

A

True

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11
Q

The following represent typical O2 content values that would be expceted from each of these sites
Renal vein - 125 mL/L

A

False

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12
Q

The following represent typical O2 content values that would be expceted from each of these sites
Coronary sinus - 90mL/L

A

True

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13
Q

The following represent typical O2 content values that would be expceted from each of these sites
Radial Artery - 200mL/L

A

True

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14
Q

The following represent typical O2 content values that would be expceted from each of these sites
Umbilical Vein 130mL/L

A

True

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15
Q

The following represent typical O2 content values that would be expceted from each of these sites
Pulmonary vein 150mL/L

A

True

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16
Q

The following values would be compatible with a healthy person having lived at 5,000 m for 7 days
[HCO-] 31 mmol/L

A

False

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17
Q

The following values would be compatible with a healthy person having lived at 5,000 m for 7 days
PaO2 of 10.6 kPa

A

False

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18
Q

The following values would be compatible with a healthy person having lived at 5,000 m for 7 days
PaCO2 of 3.9 kPa

A

True

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19
Q

The following values would be compatible with a healthy person having lived at 5,000 m for 7 days
resting HR of 95/min

A

True

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20
Q

The following values would be compatible with a healthy person having lived at 5,000 m for 7 days
right shift of Hb/O2 dissociation curve

A

True

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21
Q

The pKa of H2CO3 is 6.1 at 37 C

A

True

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22
Q

The majority of filtered HCO3- is reabsorbed in the loop of henle

A

False

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23
Q

Phosphate is an important extracellular buffer

A

False

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24
Q

The distal convoluted tubule determines the final urine pH

A

True

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25
Q

H+ ions are echanged for K+ ions in the kidney

A

True

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26
Q

With regards to oxygen binding

Affinity for haemoglobin is higher than for methaemoglobin

A

True

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27
Q

With regards to oxygen binding

Affinity for fetal haemoglobin is higher than for haemoglobin

A

True

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28
Q

With regards to oxygen binding

Affinity for myoglobin is higher than for haemoglobin

A

True

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29
Q

With regards to oxygen binding

Each molecule of myoglobin can bind up to 4 molecules of oxygen

A

False

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30
Q

With regards to oxygen binding

The normal P50 for Hb is approximately 5.3 kPa

A

False

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31
Q

The following are buffers in renal tubular fluid

Albumin

A

False

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32
Q

The following are buffers in renal tubular fluid

Ammonia

A

True

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33
Q

The following are buffers in renal tubular fluid

Bicarb

A

True

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34
Q

The following are buffers in renal tubular fluid

Phosphate

A

True

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35
Q

The following are buffers in renal tubular fluid

Urea

A

False

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36
Q

Carbon dioxide is 5 times more soluble in plasma than O2

A

false

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37
Q

Carbon dioxide content in venous blood is approximately 500ml/L

A

true

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38
Q

Carbon dioxide is largely carried in blood as bicarbonate

A

True

39
Q

Carbon dioxide conversion to carbamino compounds requires carbonic anhydrase

A

false

40
Q

Carbon dioxide content in blood increases as Hb unloads O2

A

True

41
Q

The following would be expected at the peak of vigorous exercise
O2 consumtion increased 10 fold

A

True

42
Q

The following would be expected at the peak of vigorous exercise
Overall O2 extraction ratio increased to 0.75

A

False

43
Q

The following would be expected at the peak of vigorous exercise
coronary O2 extraction ratio doubled

A

false

44
Q

The following would be expected at the peak of vigorous exercise
cardiac output increased 10 fold

A

false

45
Q

The following would be expected at the peak of vigorous exercise
minute ventilation increased 10 fold

A

True

46
Q

Acutely reducing the inspired O2 concentration to 10% at sea level will cause
increased urinary pH

A

True

47
Q

Acutely reducing the inspired O2 concentration to 10% at sea level will cause
increased cardiac output

A

True

48
Q

Acutely reducing the inspired O2 concentration to 10% at sea level will cause
increased capacity of Hb for oxygen

A

true

49
Q

Acutely reducing the inspired O2 concentration to 10% at sea level will cause
increased erythropoietin secretion

A

true

50
Q

Haemoglobin contains 2 alpha chains

A

True

51
Q

Haemoglobin carries 4 molecules of O2 per chain

A

False

52
Q

Haemoglobin is a 4 chain structure

A

True

53
Q

Haemoglobin contains ferrous iron

A

True

54
Q

Haemoglobin is a polypeptide

A

True

55
Q

The O2 content of blood is decreased in COHb

A

True

56
Q

The O2 content of blood is decreased in methaemoglobinaemia

A

True

57
Q

The O2 content of blood is decreased in Anaemia

A

True

58
Q

The O2 content of blood is decreased in chronic renal failure

A

True

59
Q

The O2 content of blood is decreased in hyperbaric conditions

A

False

60
Q

The O2-Hb dissociation curve moves to the right with an increase in temperature

A

True

61
Q

The O2-Hb dissociation curve moves to the right when 2,3-DPG levels increase

A

True

62
Q

The O2-Hb dissociation curve moves to the right when CO2 concentration increases

A

True

63
Q

The O2-Hb dissociation curve moves to the right with an increase in hydrogen ion concentration

A

true

64
Q

The O2-Hb dissociation curve moves to the right on exercise

A

True

65
Q

The O2-Hb dissociation curve moves to the left in pregnancy

A

False

66
Q

The O2-Hb dissociation curve moves to the left in stored blood

A

True

67
Q

The O2-Hb dissociation curve moves to the left in Fetal Hb

A

True

68
Q

The O2-Hb dissociation curve moves to the left in Cyanide poisening

A

False

69
Q

The O2-Hb dissociation curve moves to the left in CO poisening

A

True

70
Q

The following drugs are bases

Atracurium

A

True

71
Q

The following drugs are bases

bupivicaine

A

True

72
Q

The following drugs are bases

diclofenac

A

False

73
Q

The following drugs are bases

Morphine

A

True

74
Q

The following drugs are bases

Thiopental

A

False

75
Q

The following are normal for an adult at rest

Anion Gap of 12 mmol/l

A

True

76
Q

The following are normal for an adult at rest

CO2 production of 500ml/min

A

False

77
Q

The following are normal for an adult at rest

hydrogen ion concentration of 40 mmol/L

A

False

78
Q

The following are normal for an adult at rest

Carboxy-Hb of 0.5%

A

True

79
Q

The following are normal for an adult at rest

Fetal-Hb of 0.5%

A

True

80
Q

The following would be compatible with a 10 day history of pyloric stenosis
Raised aldosterone level

A

True

81
Q

The following would be compatible with a 10 day history of pyloric stenosis
Serum Chloride of 86 mmol/l

A

True

82
Q

The following would be compatible with a 10 day history of pyloric stenosis serum potassium of 5.5 mmol/L

A

False

83
Q

The following would be compatible with a 10 day history of pyloric stenosis
Arterial PCO2 of 5.9 kPa

A

True

84
Q

The following would be compatible with a 10 day history of pyloric stenosis
Aterial pH of 7.54

A

True

85
Q

The following are true about renal acid-base regulation

Aldosterone is the main regulator of urinary pH

A

False

86
Q

The following are true about renal acid-base regulation filtered bicarb acts as a buffer in tubular fluid

A

True

87
Q

The following are true about renal acid-base regulation

Hydrogen ions are secreted by the incalated cells in the PT

A

False

88
Q

The following are true about renal acid-base regulation

hydrogen ion secretion in the PCT is dependant on carbonic anhydrase

A

True

89
Q

The following are true about renal acid-base regulation

the kidney excretes the bodys largest acid load

A

False

90
Q

The haldane effect enhances carbon dioxide unloading in the lungs

A

True

91
Q

The haldane effect is due mainly to enhanced formation/breakdown of carbamino compounds

A

True

92
Q

The haldane effect is more effective in a patient breathing 100% O2

A

False

93
Q

The haldane effect is related to the Hb-O2 interaction

A

True

94
Q

The haldane effect results directly in part from changes in 2,3 DPG

A

False

FRCA Physiology (6 decks)

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