Acid Base Physiology Flashcards
A low PO2 in the blood directly stimulates medullary chemoreceptors
False
CO2 in the blood directly stimulates medullary chemorecptors
False
H+ ions in the blood directly stimulate medullary chemoreceptors
False
H+ ions in the blood directly stimulate carotid body chemoreceptors
False
The baroreceptor response to hypotension includes respiratory stimulation
True
A pH of 7.0 equates to a hydrogen ion concentration of 100nmol/L
True
pH is defined as the neagtive Log of the hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L
True
Albumin is an important intracellular buffer
False
Carbonic anhydrase catalyses the reaction between water and CO2
True
Alkalosis lowers free inonized calcium concentration
True
The following represent typical O2 content values that would be expceted from each of these sites
Renal vein - 125 mL/L
False
The following represent typical O2 content values that would be expceted from each of these sites
Coronary sinus - 90mL/L
True
The following represent typical O2 content values that would be expceted from each of these sites
Radial Artery - 200mL/L
True
The following represent typical O2 content values that would be expceted from each of these sites
Umbilical Vein 130mL/L
True
The following represent typical O2 content values that would be expceted from each of these sites
Pulmonary vein 150mL/L
True
The following values would be compatible with a healthy person having lived at 5,000 m for 7 days
[HCO-] 31 mmol/L
False
The following values would be compatible with a healthy person having lived at 5,000 m for 7 days
PaO2 of 10.6 kPa
False
The following values would be compatible with a healthy person having lived at 5,000 m for 7 days
PaCO2 of 3.9 kPa
True
The following values would be compatible with a healthy person having lived at 5,000 m for 7 days
resting HR of 95/min
True
The following values would be compatible with a healthy person having lived at 5,000 m for 7 days
right shift of Hb/O2 dissociation curve
True
The pKa of H2CO3 is 6.1 at 37 C
True
The majority of filtered HCO3- is reabsorbed in the loop of henle
False
Phosphate is an important extracellular buffer
False
The distal convoluted tubule determines the final urine pH
True
H+ ions are echanged for K+ ions in the kidney
True
With regards to oxygen binding
Affinity for haemoglobin is higher than for methaemoglobin
True
With regards to oxygen binding
Affinity for fetal haemoglobin is higher than for haemoglobin
True
With regards to oxygen binding
Affinity for myoglobin is higher than for haemoglobin
True
With regards to oxygen binding
Each molecule of myoglobin can bind up to 4 molecules of oxygen
False
With regards to oxygen binding
The normal P50 for Hb is approximately 5.3 kPa
False
The following are buffers in renal tubular fluid
Albumin
False
The following are buffers in renal tubular fluid
Ammonia
True
The following are buffers in renal tubular fluid
Bicarb
True
The following are buffers in renal tubular fluid
Phosphate
True
The following are buffers in renal tubular fluid
Urea
False
Carbon dioxide is 5 times more soluble in plasma than O2
false
Carbon dioxide content in venous blood is approximately 500ml/L
true
Carbon dioxide is largely carried in blood as bicarbonate
True
Carbon dioxide conversion to carbamino compounds requires carbonic anhydrase
false
Carbon dioxide content in blood increases as Hb unloads O2
True
The following would be expected at the peak of vigorous exercise
O2 consumtion increased 10 fold
True
The following would be expected at the peak of vigorous exercise
Overall O2 extraction ratio increased to 0.75
False
The following would be expected at the peak of vigorous exercise
coronary O2 extraction ratio doubled
false
The following would be expected at the peak of vigorous exercise
cardiac output increased 10 fold
false
The following would be expected at the peak of vigorous exercise
minute ventilation increased 10 fold
True
Acutely reducing the inspired O2 concentration to 10% at sea level will cause
increased urinary pH
True
Acutely reducing the inspired O2 concentration to 10% at sea level will cause
increased cardiac output
True
Acutely reducing the inspired O2 concentration to 10% at sea level will cause
increased capacity of Hb for oxygen
true
Acutely reducing the inspired O2 concentration to 10% at sea level will cause
increased erythropoietin secretion
true
Haemoglobin contains 2 alpha chains
True
Haemoglobin carries 4 molecules of O2 per chain
False
Haemoglobin is a 4 chain structure
True
Haemoglobin contains ferrous iron
True
Haemoglobin is a polypeptide
True
The O2 content of blood is decreased in COHb
True
The O2 content of blood is decreased in methaemoglobinaemia
True
The O2 content of blood is decreased in Anaemia
True
The O2 content of blood is decreased in chronic renal failure
True
The O2 content of blood is decreased in hyperbaric conditions
False
The O2-Hb dissociation curve moves to the right with an increase in temperature
True
The O2-Hb dissociation curve moves to the right when 2,3-DPG levels increase
True
The O2-Hb dissociation curve moves to the right when CO2 concentration increases
True
The O2-Hb dissociation curve moves to the right with an increase in hydrogen ion concentration
true
The O2-Hb dissociation curve moves to the right on exercise
True
The O2-Hb dissociation curve moves to the left in pregnancy
False
The O2-Hb dissociation curve moves to the left in stored blood
True
The O2-Hb dissociation curve moves to the left in Fetal Hb
True
The O2-Hb dissociation curve moves to the left in Cyanide poisening
False
The O2-Hb dissociation curve moves to the left in CO poisening
True
The following drugs are bases
Atracurium
True
The following drugs are bases
bupivicaine
True
The following drugs are bases
diclofenac
False
The following drugs are bases
Morphine
True
The following drugs are bases
Thiopental
False
The following are normal for an adult at rest
Anion Gap of 12 mmol/l
True
The following are normal for an adult at rest
CO2 production of 500ml/min
False
The following are normal for an adult at rest
hydrogen ion concentration of 40 mmol/L
False
The following are normal for an adult at rest
Carboxy-Hb of 0.5%
True
The following are normal for an adult at rest
Fetal-Hb of 0.5%
True
The following would be compatible with a 10 day history of pyloric stenosis
Raised aldosterone level
True
The following would be compatible with a 10 day history of pyloric stenosis
Serum Chloride of 86 mmol/l
True
The following would be compatible with a 10 day history of pyloric stenosis serum potassium of 5.5 mmol/L
False
The following would be compatible with a 10 day history of pyloric stenosis
Arterial PCO2 of 5.9 kPa
True
The following would be compatible with a 10 day history of pyloric stenosis
Aterial pH of 7.54
True
The following are true about renal acid-base regulation
Aldosterone is the main regulator of urinary pH
False
The following are true about renal acid-base regulation filtered bicarb acts as a buffer in tubular fluid
True
The following are true about renal acid-base regulation
Hydrogen ions are secreted by the incalated cells in the PT
False
The following are true about renal acid-base regulation
hydrogen ion secretion in the PCT is dependant on carbonic anhydrase
True
The following are true about renal acid-base regulation
the kidney excretes the bodys largest acid load
False
The haldane effect enhances carbon dioxide unloading in the lungs
True
The haldane effect is due mainly to enhanced formation/breakdown of carbamino compounds
True
The haldane effect is more effective in a patient breathing 100% O2
False
The haldane effect is related to the Hb-O2 interaction
True
The haldane effect results directly in part from changes in 2,3 DPG
False
