Acid Base N300 Flashcards
What are the ABG’s (all 5)
Ph- 7.35-7.45
paCO2- 35-45
paO2- 80-100
HCO3- 22-26
O2 sat- 95-100%
What is the normal ratio of the chemical buffer system ?
20 (bicarb) : 1 (H2CO3/acid)
Lungs will compensate for bicarbonate and vice versa !
What happens with CO2 with Hyperventilation
CO2 is blown off = slower heart rate
CO2 has the most profound effects on respirations
Tell me everything about METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
Decrease in ph, HC03=deficit/ H+=excess
Causes: CRF, ketoacidosis, diarrhea
Manifestations: headache, confusion, INCREASE RESPIRATIONS (trying to blow off CO2 to compensate , n/v, build up of lactic acid
Interventions: correct underlying problem, IV bicarb, HYPERKALEMIA (too much H+ in blood so body wants it out puts H+ in cells and kicks K+ out
Tell me everything about METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
HC03 excess/ H+ loss, high ph
Causes: vomiting, (not enough Acid), gastric auction, antacids
Manifestations: dizziness, iterative, tingling of digits, DECREASED RESPIRATIONS
Intervention: reverse unsettling disorder, increase cl to absorb NA resulting in excretion of HC03, HYPOKALEMIA.
Tell me everything about RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
H2CO3 excess/ CO2 excess,
Causes: cardiac/ respiratory arrest, COPD, overdose on sedatives, HYPOVENTILATE
Manifestations: mental changes, headache, feeling of fullness in head, dizziness, coma= CO2 Narcosis ( increase CO2 levels in brain)
Interventions: improve ventilation, bronchodilators, mechanical ventilation, hydration, CPT( possibly administer bicarb)
Tell me everything about RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
H2CO3 low/ low CO2 levels
Causes: HYPERVENTILATION, aftermath of severe exercise, anxiety
Manifestations: Hyperventilation Syndrome- palpitations, sweating, dry mouth, n/v,epigastric pain
Interventions: eliminate cause, control breathing, breathe in closed system- PAPER BAG
What is UNCOMPENSATED?
Ph = abnormal
CO2 or HCO3 = normal value in one other is abnormal
What is PARTIALLY COMPENSATED ?
NO Normal values…
Nothing is stabilized yet, body trying to kick in everything it’s got
What is COMPLETELY COMPENSATED
A NORMAL value in PH
Abnormal values in HCO3 or CO2
What is ROME?
Example of ABG
Respiratory = opposites (CO2 & PH)
Metabolic = equal (ph & bicarb)
7.48/30/90/24/95
Ph/co2/ O2/ bicarb/ O2 sat
Acidosis VS Alkalosis
Acidosis: low ph, high H+, low HC03
Alkalosis: high ph, low H+, high HC03
