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Nur 105 Exam 1 > Acid Base Imbalances, Fluid And Electrolytes > Flashcards

Acid Base Imbalances, Fluid And Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

What are signs and symptoms of hypovolemia?

A 
Acute weight LOSS
Decreased skin turgor
Concentrated urine
THIRST
dizziness, confusion
Cool, clammy skin
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2
Q

What are some causes of hypovolemia?

A 
Vomiting, diarrhea 
Fever
Excessive sweating
Decreased intake
Burns
Diabetes Insipidus
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3
Q

In hypovolemia what would the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels be?

A

Increased

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4
Q

In hypovolemia what would the urine specific gravity and osmolality be?

A

Increased

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5
Q

In hypovolemia what would the BUN and creatinine levels be?

A

Increased

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6
Q

What is nursing care for hypovolemia?

A 
Monitor I&O at least every 8 hrs
Daily body weights
Vitals closet monitored
Monitor skin and tongue turgor 
Monitor urine concentration
Monitor mental status
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7
Q

What are vital sign indications of hypervolemia?

A

Increase BP
Increase RR
Bounding pulse

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8
Q

What are some causes of hypervolemia

A

Heart failure
Renal failure
Cirrhosis
Overload of sodium

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9
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of hypervolemia

A 
Acute weight GAIN
Peripheral edema and ascites
JVD
Crackles
SOB 
Increase urine output
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10
Q

What is nursing care for hypervolemia

A 
Measure I&O
Weighed daily
Assess breath sounds
Monitors edema
Educate pt about edema and sodium
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11
Q

What are vital signs indications for hyponatremia

A

Increase pulse

Decrease BP

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12
Q

What are causes of hyponatremia

A 
Use of diuretics 
Loss of GI fluids
Renal disease
Adrenal insufficiency 
Gain of water
SIADH
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13
Q

What are signs and symptoms of hyponatremia

A 
Poor skin turgor
Dry mucosa
Headache
Orthostatic hypotension
Naus&vom
Confusion
Dizziness
Twitching
Muscle weakness
Weight gain
Edema
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14
Q

What would the urine specific gravity be in hyponatremia

A

Decreased

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15
Q

What is nursing care for hyponatremia

A 
Monitor pt response to therapy and preventing hypernatremia
Preventing fluid overload
Restric fluids
Encourage sodium rich foods
Monitor daily weight and I&O
Osmotic diuretics
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16
Q

What are vital sign indications for hypernatremia?

A

Increase pulse

Increase BP

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17
Q

What are signs and symptoms of hypernatremia

A 
Thirst
Elevated body temp
Hallucinations
Dry mucous membranes 
Pulmonary edema
Seizures 
Irritability, restlessness
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18
Q

In hypokalemia is the blood pressure decreased or increased?

A

Decreased

19
Q

What are causes of hypokalemia?

A 
Diarrhea
Gastric suctioning
Use loop diuretics
Alkalosis
Digoxin toxicity
20
Q

What are signs and symptoms of hypokalemia

A 
Shallow respirations
Fatigue
Muscle weakness
Leg cramps
Threads, weak, irreg pulse 
Dysrythmias
Hypo active reflexes
21
Q

What is nursing care for hypokalemia

A 
Monitor ECG
Adequate oxygenation
Fall prevention
Monitor respirations 
Educate pt about potassium rich foods
22
Q

What are signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia

A 
Twitching
Muscle weakness
Bradycardia
Dysrythmias
Flaccid paralysis
Abdominal distention
Cramps
23
Q

What are causes of hyperkalemia

A

Renal failure

Metabolic acidosis

24
Q

What is nursing care for hyperkalemia

A 
ECG monitor
I&O
Measure apical pulse
Kayexalate 
Insulin
Encourage pt to potassium restriction
25
Q

What are causes of hypocalcemia

A

Hypoparathyroidism
Alkalosis
Vit D deficiency
Pancreatitis

26
Q

What are signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia

A 
Tetany
Positive Chvosteks and Trousseaus sign
Seizures
Dyspnea
Larygeal spasm
Hyperactive DTRs
Numbness
Carpopedal spasms
27
Q

What is nursing care for hypocalcemia

A 
Seizure precautions
Reduce stimulation
Injury prevention
Status of airway monitored
Advise pt for calcium supplements
Educate about overuse of laxatives and antacids that contain phosphorus 
Encourage calcium increase in diet
28
Q

What are causes of hypercalcemia

A 
Malignancies
Hyperparathyroidism
Thiazide diuretic use
Acidosis
Prolonged immobility
29
Q

What are signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia

A 
Muscular weakness
Constipation
Incoordination 
Anorexia
Dehydration
Hypo active DTRs
Lethargy
Deep bone pain
Bradycardia
30
Q

What is nursing care for hypercalcemia

A 
Drug therapy: IV 0.9%,furosemide, phosphorus, calcitonin
Cardiac monitoring 
Increasing pt mobility 
Encouraging fluids
Fluid containing sodium
Monitor for altered mental status
31
Q

What are causes of respiratory acidosis

A 
Acute pulmonary edema
Asphyxiation 
Drug overdose
Obesity
Pneumonia
32
Q

What are signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis

A 
Increase pulse
Increase RR
Increase BP
Mental cloudiness or confusion
Decrease LOC
33
Q

What is nursing care for respiratory acidosis

A

Assess PaCO2 levels
Observe for signs of respiratory distress
-restlessness, tachycardia,anxiety confusion
Improving ventilation
Semi or fowler position

34
Q

What are causes of respiratory alkalosis

A

Hyperventilation
Extreme anxiety
Hypoxemia

35
Q

What are signs and symptoms of respiratory alkalosis

A

Light headedness
Decreased cerebral blood flow
Inability to concentrate
Numbness and tingling from decreased calcium ionization

36
Q

What is nursing care for respiratory alkalosis

A

Brown paper bag
Encourage pt to breathe slowly
Reassure patient

37
Q

What are causes of metabolic acidosis

A 
Diarrhea
Dehydration
Starvation
Shock
Renal failure
Diabetic ketoacidosis
38
Q

What are signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis

A 
Headache
Confusion
Drowsiness
Increased RR
decreased cardiac output
Decreased BP
cold and clammy skin
Dysrythmias
39
Q

What is nursing care for metabolic acidosis

A

Vital signs
Mental status
Neurologic status

40
Q

What causes metabolic alkalosis

A

Gastric suctioning
Excessive vomiting
Diuretics

41
Q

What are signs and symptoms of metabolic alkalosis

A 
Tingling of finger and toes
Dizziness
Hyperactive reflexes
Changes in LOC
Shallow respirations 
Headache
Confusion 
Changes in heart rate
42
Q

What is nursing care for metabolic alkalosis

A 
Vital signs
Daily weight
Monitor heart rate
Monitor respirations
Monitor fluid gains and losses
I&O
Assess sensation in extremities 
Sodium chloride fluids 
Monitor lab values, esp. pH and bicarbonate
43
Q

What are vital sign indications for hypovolemia (FVD)?

A

Decreased BP

Increased Pulse

Nur 105 Exam 1 (1 decks)

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