ACID BASE IMBALANCES

Question 1

Normal Value of Potassium

Answer 1

3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

Question 2

Normal Value of Sodium

Answer 2

135 - 145 mEq/L

Question 3

Normal Value of Magnesium

Answer 3

1.3 - 2.1 mg/dL

Question 4

Normal Value of Calcium

Answer 4

9.0 - 10.5 mg/dL

Clients with low calcium levels should be encouraged to consume dairy products, seafood, nuts, broccoli, and spinach. Which are all good sources of dietary calcium.

Question 5

Normal Value of Phosphate

Answer 5

3.0 - 4.5 mEq/dL

phosphate-rich foods include green leafy vegetables;
peas and beans; nuts; chocolate; beef liver; turkey; and some cola drinks

Question 6

Normal Value of Chloride

Answer 6

98-106

Question 7

Hypocalcemia can cause ___ blood levels to increase abnormally

Answer 7

phosphate

Vice verse: HyperCalcemia = HypoPhosphatemia

Question 8

major cation present in the ICF

Answer 8

Potassium

Question 9

major anion present in the ICF

Answer 9

Phosporus

Question 10

• Malnutrition due to chronic alcoholism
• Recovery from conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis
• severe burns

potentially lead to a decrease in serum phosphate levels

Answer 10

HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA

Question 11

• Tingling sensations (extremities, around the mouth)
• Muscle & abdominal cramps
• Carpopedal spasms (+ Trousseau’s sign)
• Mental changes (confusion)
• spasm of facial muscle Chvostek’s sign (+ Chvostek’s sign)
• Laryngeal spasms
• Tetany (muscle twisting)
• Seizures
• Bleeding
• Cardiac dysrhythmias

Answer 11

Hypocalcemia

Question 12

In medical practice, normal calcium levels should generally be considered in conjunction with which of the following?

Answer 12

Serum protein levels

Calcium levels in the blood are often influenced by the levels of serum proteins, particularly albumin. Albumin is the most abundant protein in the blood and serves as a carrier for various substances, including calcium.

Question 13

regulation of sodium is influenced by the secretion of which hormones?

Answer 13

ADH and ALDOSTERONE

Question 14

Persistent vomiting can lead to significant losses of

Answer 14

CHLORIDE and POTASSIUM

Question 15

You are working in the Emergency Department, and Jennifer, a 38-year-old patient comes in with dehydration. The physician orders an isotonic solution to be administered. Which of the following options is an example of an isotonic solution suitable for Jennifer?

Answer 15

0.9% Sodium Chloride