Acid Base Imbalance Flashcards
1
Q
How does the body maintain Acid/Base Homeostasis
A
- BUFFERS
- RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- RENAL SYSTEM
2
Q
Buffers in the body
A
Chemicals in the body that combine with acid or base to change the pH
- Accept or release a H+
- Almost instantaneous
- Short-lived
3
Q
3 Main Buffer Systems in the body
A
- Bicarbonate – Carbonic Acid Buffer
- Phosphate Buffer
- Protein Buffers - Hemoglobin
4
Q
What is Bicarbonate – Carbonic Acid ?
A
- *ECF location
- Main ECF buffer
- CO2 byproduct of cellular metabolism
5
Q
How does Bicarbonate – Carbonic Acid buffer?
A
- Combines with H2O in serum to form carbonic acid
- Carbonic anhydrase breaks down carbonic acid
- In the lungs - H2O + CO2
- In the kidneys - H+ + HCO3-
6
Q
What is the Acid/Base buffer formula?
A
7
Q
Bicarbonate – Carbonic Acid Equation
A
8
Q
Carbonic Acid Equations
A
9
Q
Phosphate Buffer
A
Main intracellular buffer
- H+ + HPO4-2 = H2PO4-
- Hydrogen + hydrogen phosphate = dihydrogen phosphate ion
10
Q
Protein Buffers
A
Nearly all proteins can function as buffers
- Amino group (NH2-)
- Carboxyl group (COOH)
- Hemoglobin
11
Q
Carboxyl Group Buffer
A
- Carboxyl group (COOH) is a weak acid that gives up H+
- Amino acid
- Acetic acid
12
Q
Amino Group Buffer
A
Amino group (NH2-) accept H+
- Amino acids have both a carboxyl group and an amino group
- Ammonia NH3
13
Q
Hemoglobin Group Buffer
A
•’picks’ up CO2 at the cellular level
14
Q
Cellular Compensation
A
- H+ - positively charged ions
- K+ - positively charged ion, mostly found inside the cell
- Increase in [H+] (concentration)
- pH decreases – more acidic
- H+ move into the cell
- More positively charged ions in the cell
- K+ moves out of the cell
- Electrical neutrality is restored inside the cell
15
Q
Is Cellular Compensation Permanent?
A
- A temporary correction of the pH
- Process will reverse as the pH returns to normal
- HOWEVER, if the kidneys are working, they will excrete the excess K+
- Body can have a depletion of K+
