Acid-base -Goya

Question 1

How do you calculate anion gap? What is normal?

Answer 1

(Na+) - (Cl-) - (HCO3-)

normal = 12 +/- 2

Question 2

Causes of anion gap metabolic acidosis?

Answer 2

MUDPILES

Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Paraldehyde or Prophylene glycol
Ischemia/infection
Ethylene glycol
Salicylates

Question 3

*If the anion gap is > 20, what process is taking place?

Answer 3

Metabolic acidosis

regardless of pH or serum HCO3-

Question 4

How do you calculate delta gap?

Answer 4

anion gap - normal anion gap (12) + measured HCO3-

if total > 22-26==> AGMA

if < 22-26 ==> NAGMA

Question 5

*Why do you ALWAYS calculate the anion gap?

Answer 5

can be missing a metabolic acidosis, despite the normal pH

if anion gap > 20 –> metabolic acidosis

then calculate the delta gap ==> if large, there is also a metabolic alkalosis

Question 6

What are causes of metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 6

vomiting

volume depletion