Acid/Base/Fluids/Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

What is pH?

A

pH is the negative logarithm to the base 10 of hydrogen ions in solution and is a measure of the acidity of that solution.

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2
Q

What is normal physiological pH?

A

7.35-7.45 - H+ conc of 34-46nmols/l

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3
Q

Define ‘Acid’ and ‘base’.

A

An acid is a proton donor

A base is a proton acceptor.

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4
Q

What is a buffer?

A

A buffer is a weak acid and it’s conjugate base in solution that resists a change in pH of that solution.

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5
Q

What is the pKA?

A

The pKA is the pH at which 50% of the solution is ionised.

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6
Q

How does the body maintain constant pH?

A
  1. buffering
  2. compensation
  3. correction
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7
Q

Can you name buffering systems within the body?

A

Extracellular

  1. Bicarbonate
  2. Hb/plasma proteins
  3. phosphate
Intracellular
1. phosphate
2. ammonia
3. calcium
4, protein
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8
Q

What is the anion gap?

A

The anion gap is the difference between the concentrations between the measured anions and cations within the plasma.
(Na+ + K+) - (Cl- + HCO3-)

Usually 8-16mmol.l - accounts for unmeasured anions in plasma.

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9
Q

High anion gap.

A

lactate, ketoacids, exogenous acids, ethanol.

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10
Q

What causes a normal anion gap acidosis?

A

Bicarb loss - GI loss
Hyperchloraemic acidosis
Renal Tubular Acidosis

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11
Q

What is the base excess?

A

The base excess is a measure of how much acid or base needs to be added to a L of blood to return it to a normal pH when the CO2 is normal and at physiological temperature.

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