Acid Base, Fluids, and Electrolytes

Question 1

“effective osmoles”

Answer 1

sodium, glucose, mannitol, sorbitol.

Extracellular Na is the main determinant of plasma tonicity (ability of solutes to drive an osmotic driving force that causes water to move from one compartment to another)

Question 2

Effects of increased ECF tonicity (aka too much sodium)

Answer 2

• increased thirst

- release of ADH

Question 3

SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate ADH)

Answer 3

Clinical syndrome of nonosmotic release or enhancement of ADH action leading to pathologic water retention and hyponatremia

Question 4

Central Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 4

syndrome of ADH deficiency leading to excessive renal water loss

Question 5

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 5

certain disorder(s) that cause tubular unresponsiveness to ADH that creates a renal concentrating defect that leads to excessive renal losses of water