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Chem 1220 > Acid-base Equilibrium > Flashcards

Acid-base Equilibrium Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of an acid?

A

A substance that donates protons or accepts electrons.

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2
Q

What is the definition of a base?

A

A substance that accepts protons or donates electrons.

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3
Q

What is the formula for the dissociation of water?

A

H2O ⇌ H+ + OH-

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4
Q

What is the equation for the autoprotolysis of water?

A

2H2O ⇌ H3O+ + OH-

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5
Q

What is the pH scale used for?

A

Measuring the acidity or basicity of a solution.

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6
Q

What is the pH of a neutral solution?

A

pH 7

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7
Q

What is the pH of an acidic solution?

A

pH less than 7

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8
Q

What is the pH of a basic solution?

A

pH greater than 7

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9
Q

What is the equation for calculating pH?

A

pH = -log[H+]

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10
Q

What is the equation for calculating pOH?

A

pOH = -log[OH-]

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11
Q

What is the relationship between pH and pOH in a solution?

A

pH + pOH = 14

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12
Q

What is the definition of a buffer solution?

A

A solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.

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13
Q

What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation used for?

A

Calculating the pH of a buffer solution.

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14
Q

What is the formula for the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

A

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])

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15
Q

What is the common ion effect in a buffer solution?

A

The shift in equilibrium caused by the presence of an ion common to both the weak acid and its conjugate base.

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16
Q

What is the Kw value for water at 25°C?

A

Kw = 1.0 x 10^-14

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17
Q

What is the relationship between Ka and Kb for a conjugate acid-base pair?

A

Ka x Kb = Kw

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18
Q

What is the definition of a polyprotic acid?

A

An acid that can donate more than one proton.

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19
Q

What is the definition of amphiprotic species?

A

Species that can act as either an acid or a base.

20
Q

What is the relationship between pKa and acidity of a compound?

A

The lower the pKa value, the stronger the acid.

21
Q

What is the relationship between Ka and acid strength?

A

The larger the Ka value, the stronger the acid.

22
Q

What is the definition of the acid dissociation constant, Ka?

A

A measure of the strength of an acid in solution.

23
Q

What is the definition of the base dissociation constant, Kb?

A

A measure of the strength of a base in solution.

24
Q

What is the relationship between pKa and Ka?

A

pKa = -log(Ka)

25
Q

What is the relationship between pKb and Kb?

A

pKb = -log(Kb)

26
Q

What is the definition of a Lewis acid?

A

A substance that accepts a pair of electrons.

27
Q

What is the definition of a Lewis base?

A

A substance that donates a pair of electrons.

28
Q

What is the definition of a Bronsted-Lowry acid?

A

A substance that donates a proton.

29
Q

What is the definition of a Bronsted-Lowry base?

A

A substance that accepts a proton.

30
Q

What is the definition of a conjugate acid-base pair?

A

Two species related by the donation and acceptance of a proton.

31
Q

What is the definition of a strong acid?

A

An acid that completely dissociates in water.

32
Q

What is the definition of a weak acid?

A

An acid that partially dissociates in water.

33
Q

What is the definition of a strong base?

A

A base that completely dissociates in water.

34
Q

What is the definition of a weak base?

A

A base that partially dissociates in water.

35
Q

What is the definition of an amphoteric substance?

A

A substance that can act as both an acid and a base.

36
Q

What is the definition of a neutralization reaction?

A

A reaction between an acid and a base to form water and a salt.

37
Q

What is the definition of the equivalence point in a titration?

A

The point at which the moles of acid and base are stoichiometrically equivalent.

38
Q

What is the definition of the end point in a titration?

A

The point at which the indicator changes color, signaling the completion of the reaction.

39
Q

What is the definition of a titration curve?

A

A plot of pH versus volume of titrant added during a titration.

40
Q

What is the definition of a salt in chemistry?

A

An ionic compound formed by the reaction of an acid and a base.

41
Q

What is the definition of the solubility product constant, Ksp?

A

The equilibrium constant for the dissolution of a sparingly soluble salt.

42
Q

What is the common ion effect in solubility equilibria?

A

The decrease in solubility of a salt due to the presence of a common ion.

43
Q

What is the definition of a complex ion?

A

An ion formed by the coordination of a central metal ion with ligands.

44
Q

What is the definition of a ligand in coordination chemistry?

A

A molecule or ion that donates a pair of electrons to a central metal ion.

45
Q

What is the definition of a chelating agent?

A

A ligand that forms a complex with a metal ion using multiple donor atoms.

46
Q

Acid periodic trend

A

Chem 1220 (2 decks)

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