Acid-Base Equilibria

Question 1

Acid

Answer 1

Proton donors, have hydrogen ions, (have pH less than 7, neutralises bases)

Question 2

Base

Answer 2

Proton acceptors (pH more than 7, neutralises acids)

Question 3

Alkali

Answer 3

Soluble bases, proton acceptors, produces OH- ions in water

Question 4

Acid-base reaction

Answer 4

A transfer of protons between acid and bases

Question 5

Conjugate acid-base pair

Answer 5

Either a base and its conjugate acid or an acid and its conjugate base

Question 6

Conjugate base

Answer 6

When an acid dissociates to produce a proton, it can accept hydrogen ions and so it becomes a base (A-)

Question 7

Conjugate acid

Answer 7

When the base has accepted the hydrogen ion, it can now donate it again and is therefore an acid

Question 8

Monobasic acids

Answer 8

Releases just one proton since it’s conjugate base can accept only one proton e.g. HCl

Question 9

Di-basic acids

Answer 9

Able to release two protons since it’s conjugate base can accept two protons e.g. H2SO4

Question 10

Tri-basic acids

Answer 10

Release three protons since it’s conjugate base can accept three protons e.g. H3PO4

Question 11

Amphoteric compounds

Answer 11

Can act as both a base or an acid e.g. H2O

Question 12

Strong acid

Answer 12

Donates protons to base very easily and can be completely dissociated into ions e.g. HCl, H2SO4, HNO3

Question 13

pH

Answer 13

The reciprocal of the logarithm to the base 10 of the hydrogen ion concentration

Question 14

Buffer solution

Answer 14

Minimises pH changes by the addition of small amounts ofan acid or a base