Acid Base Disturbance Causes

Question 1

Causes of Normal Anion Gap/ Hypercholeraemic Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 1

gastrointestinal bicarbonate loss: diarrhoea, ureterosigmoidostomy, fistula
renal tubular acidosis
drugs: e.g. acetazolamide
ammonium chloride injection
Addison's disease

Question 2

Causes of Raised Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 2

lactate: shock, hypoxia
ketones: diabetic ketoacidosis, alcohol
urate: renal failure
acid poisoning: salicylates, methanol
5-oxoproline: chronic paracetamol use