acid base disruption

Question 1

normal anion gap is ..

Answer 1

10-18 mmol/l

Question 1

metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap:

Answer 1

diarhhoea
renal tubular acidosis
treatment of ketoacidosis

Question 2

metabolic acidosis with raised anion gap

Answer 2

lactic acidosis
ketoacidosis
renal failure
hepatic failure
aspirin / methanol ingestion

Question 3

ketoacidosis presents as a metabolic acidosis with:
a) normal anion gap
b) raised anion gap

Answer 3

both

Question 4

renal failure presents as a metabolic acidosis with:
a) normal anion gap
b) raised anion gap

Answer 4

raised

Question 5

diarhhoea presents as a metabolic acidosis with:
a) normal anion gap
b) raised anion gap

Answer 5

normal

Question 6

lactic acidosis presents as a metabolic acidosis with:
a) normal anion gap
b) raised anion gap

Answer 6

raised

Question 7

Hypothermia is defined as..

Answer 7

core body temp of <35 degrees

mild = 32-35
severe <32

Question 8

6 causes of hypothermia:

Answer 8

cold water submersion
inadequate house heating
exposure to elements
hypothyroidism
etoh
hypoglycaemia

Question 9

how does sever hypothermia present / feel?

Answer 9

impaired judgement
unaware of cold

Question 10

features of hypothermia:

Answer 10

bradycardia
hypoventilation
hypotension
stiffness to muscles

Question 11

what does the abg look like in hypothermia?

Answer 11

metabolic acidosis
high lactate

Question 12

ECG changes in hypothermia?

Answer 12

prolonged PR
prolonged QT
broad QRS
ventricular arrhythmia -> death