Acid-Base Disorders Signs/Symptoms Flashcards
Respiratory acidosis when does it happen? resp cause (2) nonresp causes (5)
decreased alveolar ventilation relative to CO2 production resp causes (1) acute/severe airway obstruction (2) pulmonary edema nonresp causes (1) drug overdose (2) SC injury (3) neuromuscular disease (4) brain injury (5) thoracic cage trauma
resp acidosis signs/symptoms
resp
central
cardiac
dyspnea, resp distress +/- shallow breathing
confusion, restlessness, headache
tachycardia, dysrhtyhmia
Respiratory alkalosis when does it happen? resp cause (1) nonresp causes (2)
increase alveolar ventilation relative to CO2 production
resp: hypoxemia
nonresp: pain, anxiety
resp alkalosis signs/symptoms
central
cardiac
lightheaded, numbness and tingling, confusion, poor concentration, blurred vision
dysrhythmia
metabolic acidosis
when does it happen?
cause of loss of buffer? (2)
increase H+ production (3)
plasma HCO3- below normal
loss of HCO3 - : diarrhea, renal disease
increase H+: lactic acidosis (anaerobe, not exercise), ketoacidosis, ingestion of toxin (methanol)
metabolic acidosis signs/symptoms
resp
central
cardiac
kussmaul breathing
headache, restlessness, confusion, lethargy, stupor, coma
dysrhythmia
metabolic alkalosis
when does it happen? why?
plasma HCO3- above normal or H+ lost persistent vomiting diuretics NG suction steroid therapy excess HCO3- hypokalemia/hypochloremia
metabolic alkalosis signs/symptoms resp central gastric muscle
resp depression
dizziness, lethargy, disorientation, seizure, coma
nausea, vomiting
muscle weakness, twitching, cramps, tetany