Acid-Base Disorders Signs/Symptoms Flashcards

1
Q
Respiratory acidosis
when does it happen?
resp cause (2)
nonresp causes (5)
A
decreased alveolar ventilation relative to CO2 production
resp causes
(1) acute/severe airway obstruction
(2) pulmonary edema
nonresp causes
(1) drug overdose
(2) SC injury
(3) neuromuscular disease
(4) brain injury
(5) thoracic cage trauma
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2
Q

resp acidosis signs/symptoms
resp
central
cardiac

A

dyspnea, resp distress +/- shallow breathing
confusion, restlessness, headache
tachycardia, dysrhtyhmia

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3
Q
Respiratory alkalosis
when does it happen?
resp cause (1)
nonresp causes (2)
A

increase alveolar ventilation relative to CO2 production

resp: hypoxemia
nonresp: pain, anxiety

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4
Q

resp alkalosis signs/symptoms
central
cardiac

A

lightheaded, numbness and tingling, confusion, poor concentration, blurred vision
dysrhythmia

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5
Q

metabolic acidosis
when does it happen?
cause of loss of buffer? (2)
increase H+ production (3)

A

plasma HCO3- below normal
loss of HCO3 - : diarrhea, renal disease
increase H+: lactic acidosis (anaerobe, not exercise), ketoacidosis, ingestion of toxin (methanol)

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6
Q

metabolic acidosis signs/symptoms
resp
central
cardiac

A

kussmaul breathing
headache, restlessness, confusion, lethargy, stupor, coma
dysrhythmia

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7
Q

metabolic alkalosis

when does it happen? why?

A
plasma HCO3- above normal or H+ lost
persistent vomiting
diuretics
NG suction
steroid therapy
excess HCO3-
hypokalemia/hypochloremia
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8
Q
metabolic alkalosis signs/symptoms
resp
central
gastric
muscle
A

resp depression
dizziness, lethargy, disorientation, seizure, coma
nausea, vomiting
muscle weakness, twitching, cramps, tetany

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