Acid Base Disorders Flashcards
Define Acidemia
a decrease in blood pH (normal is 7.36 - 7.44)
Define Acidosis
a clinical process in the body that decreases blood pH
Define Alkalemia
an increase in blood pH (normal is 7.36 - 7.44)
define alkalosis
a clinical process in the body that increases blood pH
Hyperkapnia and hypokapnia refer to _______.
increased or decreased pCO2 in the blood
Minute Ventilation is the _____. and is measured in _____.
- the rate by which air reaches the alveoli
- liters/min
Minute ventilation is equal to _____.
respiratory rate (breaths per min) x Tidal volume (amount of air taken during one breath)
Hyperventilation leads to _____.
Hypokapnia
Hypoventilation leads to ____.
Hyperkapnia
Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis are clinical processes that occur due to ________ and are usually associated with _______.
- increase or decrease in ventilation
- pulmonary diseases
Metabolic acidosis and alkalosis are clinical processes that are _______.
not due to ventilation problems
pH and pCO2 are ______ related.
inversely related
Respiratory acidosis:
____ –> ____ –> ______
hypoventilation –> hyperkapnia –> acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis:
____ –> ____ –> _____
hyperventilation –> hypokapnia –> alkalosis
pH and bicarb levels are _____ related
directly related
Primary acid base disorders result from a ______.
pathological process
Secondary acid-base disorder is a _______ in response to a ______.
- physiological compensation
- primary acid-base disorder
3 types of compensation in Acid-base disorders and how low long they take.
- Buffering - minutes
- Respiratory compensation - hours
- Metabolic compensation by the kidneys - 2-3 days
Acute and chronic terms are reserved for ________.
respiratory acid-base disorders
Chronic acid base disorders are at least ______.
several days old
Acute acid base disorders result from conditions that develop ______.
within hours of presentation
_____ are uncompensated and result in _____.
- Acute respiratory disorders
- acidemia or alkalemia
