Acid Base Disorders

Question 1

Define Acidemia

Answer 1

a decrease in blood pH (normal is 7.36 - 7.44)

Question 2

Define Acidosis

Answer 2

a clinical process in the body that decreases blood pH

Question 3

Define Alkalemia

Answer 3

an increase in blood pH (normal is 7.36 - 7.44)

Question 4

define alkalosis

Answer 4

a clinical process in the body that increases blood pH

Question 5

Hyperkapnia and hypokapnia refer to _______.

Answer 5

increased or decreased pCO2 in the blood

Question 6

Minute Ventilation is the _____. and is measured in _____.

Answer 6

• the rate by which air reaches the alveoli

- liters/min

Question 7

Minute ventilation is equal to _____.

Answer 7

respiratory rate (breaths per min) x Tidal volume (amount of air taken during one breath)

Question 8

Hyperventilation leads to _____.

Answer 8

Hypokapnia

Question 9

Hypoventilation leads to ____.

Answer 9

Hyperkapnia

Question 10

Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis are clinical processes that occur due to ________ and are usually associated with _______.

Answer 10

• increase or decrease in ventilation

- pulmonary diseases

Question 11

Metabolic acidosis and alkalosis are clinical processes that are _______.

Answer 11

not due to ventilation problems

Question 12

pH and pCO2 are ______ related.

Answer 12

inversely related

Question 13

Respiratory acidosis:

____ –> ____ –> ______

Answer 13

hypoventilation –> hyperkapnia –> acidosis

Question 14

Respiratory alkalosis:

____ –> ____ –> _____

Answer 14

hyperventilation –> hypokapnia –> alkalosis

Question 15

pH and bicarb levels are _____ related

Answer 15

directly related

Question 16

Primary acid base disorders result from a ______.

Answer 16

pathological process

Question 17

Secondary acid-base disorder is a _______ in response to a ______.

Answer 17

• physiological compensation

- primary acid-base disorder

Question 18

3 types of compensation in Acid-base disorders and how low long they take.

Answer 18

1. Buffering - minutes
2. Respiratory compensation - hours
3. Metabolic compensation by the kidneys - 2-3 days

Question 19

Acute and chronic terms are reserved for ________.

Answer 19

respiratory acid-base disorders

Question 20

Chronic acid base disorders are at least ______.

Answer 20

several days old

Question 21

Acute acid base disorders result from conditions that develop ______.

Answer 21

within hours of presentation

Question 22

_____ are uncompensated and result in _____.

Answer 22

• Acute respiratory disorders

- acidemia or alkalemia