Acid Base Disorders Flashcards
What is Buffer
Buffer can be defined as a solution that contains conjugate acid and base pair that minimizes or resist changes in PH or hydrogen ion concentration
Examples of physiological buffers that we have
1.Hemoglobin buffer system
2.phosphate buffer system
3.ammonium buffer system (NH4) ammonia is NH3 and ammonium is NH4
4.Bicarbonate buffer system
Classification of buffer system
1.Based on medium e.g Blood and urine
a) Blood(hemoglobin and bicarbonate )
b)Urine (ammonium and phosphate )
- Based on location
a) intracellular (Hemoglobin )
b) Extracellular (Bicarbonate ) - Based on conjugate acid-base pair
a) Hco3( bicarbonate)
What are the major regulators of acid base balance in the body
1.Lungs
2.Kidneys
3. Buffer system
What are the minor regulators of the body
1.RBC mechanism
2. Stomach /parietal cell mechanism
3.ileal or colonic cell mechanism
Explain the parietal cell /stomach mechanism using chloride shift
In the parietal cell -Co2+H20 to form carbonic acid (H2CO3) and breaks down into H+ and HCO3 in the presence of carbonic anhydrase
H+ enters into the parietal lumen and chloride comes from the plasma into the lumen and form HCL while the bicarbonate in the parietal cell is secreted into the plasma in exchange for chloride
Explain chloride shift
The bicarbonate generated in the parietal cell is released/reabsorbed into the plasma in exchange for chloride ion into lumen
What does RTA Type 1 signify
There is a dysfunctional distal convoluted tubule
Where does Bicarbonate Regeneration takes place
Distal convoluted tubule
Where does Bicarbonate reclamation take place
Proximal convoluted tubule
What does RTA type 2 signify
Dysfunctional proximal convoluted tubule
What is Wilson’s disease
Accumulation of copper in the liver
Faconi’s syndrome
Loss of glucose
Loss of amino acids
Loss of phosphate
