Acid / base disorder- Respiratory & Metabolic alkalosis/ acidosis 1B Flashcards
What is the normal range of blood pH
7.35-7.45
What is the normal range of blood oxygen in an arterial sample
10.6kPa - 13.3kPa
What is the normal range of chloride?
98-108mmol/L
What is the acronym used to remember and determine the primary process?
ROME
What is an anion gap?
the difference between the major cations and anions
If the anion gap is elevated what should be suspected?
the presence of excess organic aid or acidic foreign substance
What is the normal range for an anion gap?
10-14mEq/L
What is anion gap used for in relation to acid base balances?
used to seperate the different causes of metabolic acidosis
What are the characteristic presentation of metabolic acidosis?
headache, decreased BP, hyperkalaemia, N+V, laboured deep respiration and use of accessor muscle (Kussmaul respiration for compensatory hyperventilation)
Mnemonic for the causes of a raised anion gap?
MUDPILES (methanol ingestion, uraemia, diabetic &alcohol ketoacidosis, paraldehyde, isoniazid or iron overdose, Lactate, Ethylene glycol intoxication, Salicylate intoxication)
The causes of metabolic alkalosis are seperated based on?
Urine chloride
Causes of low urine chloride?
vomiting/ nasogastric suction, past diuretic usage, posthypercapnia
Causes of high urine chloride?
Cushings, Conns syndrome, Mg depletion, Bartters syndrome
Presentation of metabolic akalosis?
CNS symptoms e.g. confusion, obtundation, delirium and coma, compensatory hypoventilation (cardiac arrhythmia and hypotension)
Presentation in acute respiratory acidosis?
Acute Airway obstruction, CNS depression, Haeomthorax/ pneumothorax, severe anemia
