Acid-Base Diagnosis-Exam 1

Question 1

What is an acid?

Answer 1

Molecule containing hydrogen atom that can release hydrogen ion when placed in solution

Question 2

What is a strong acid?

Answer 2

Rapid dissociation with release large amount of H+ (HCl)

Question 3

What is a weak acid?

Answer 3

Slow dissociation with release small amount of H+ (H2CO3)

Question 4

What is a base?

Answer 4

Ion or molecule that can accept hydrogen ions

Question 5

What is a strong base?

Answer 5

reacts strongly and rapidly with H+ and quickly removes larger quantities of H+ of solution (OH-)

Question 6

What is a weak base?

Answer 6

Reacts slowly forming weak bonds does not remove as much H+ (HCO3-)

Question 7

What are most acids/bases in ECF involved with normal acid-base regulation? Name an example of each.

Answer 7

Weak acids and weak bases
Weak acid: Carbonic acid H2CO3
Weak Base: HCO3- (bicarb)

Question 8

What is the normal [H+]?

Answer 8

40 nEq/L (0.00004 mEq/L)

Question 9

What is the Extreme Range for [H+]?

Answer 9

10 nEq/L to 50 nEq/L (but still actually a small range)

Question 10

How is hydrogen ion concentration normally expressed?

Answer 10

on log scale as pH

Question 11

pH Equation

Answer 11

pH = - log [H+]

Question 12

Arterial Blood [H+] and pH

Answer 12

4.0 x 10^-5

pH = 7.4

Question 13

Venous Blood [H+] and pH

Answer 13

4.5 x 10^-5

pH = 7.35

Question 14

Interstitial Fluid [H+] and pH

Answer 14

4.5 x 10^-5

pH = 7.35

Question 15

Intracellular Fluid [H+] and pH

Answer 15

1 x 10^-3 to 4 x 10^-5

pH: 6.0-7.4

Question 16

Urine [H+] and pH

Answer 16

3 x 10^-2 to 1 x 10^-5

pH: 4.5 - 8.0

Question 17

Gastric [H+] and pH

Answer 17

160

pH= 0.8

Question 18

Lower limit pH at which person can live more than a few hours

Answer 18

Lower limit: 6.8

Question 19

Upper limit pH at which person can lie more than a few hours

Answer 19

Upper limit: 8.0

Question 20

What are three buffer systems for controlling pH in the body?

Answer 20

1. Bicarbonate system (extracellular)
2. Phosphate system ( extracellular)
3. Proteins (intracellular)

Question 21

What are the two main buffer systems in the body?

Answer 21

Lungs and kidneys

Question 22

What controls carbon dioxide?

Answer 22

Lungs; produced by metabolic activity

Question 23

What do the kidneys control?

Answer 23

hydrogen ion concentration

bicarbonate ion concentration

Question 24

What happens to the H+ concentration at the tissue?

Answer 24

Some stay there but a good amt is buffered by hemoglobin (accounts for the difference between arterial and venous blood)

Question 25

Henderson-Hasselbach Equation

Answer 25

pH = pK + log (Base/Acid)

Question 26

Plasma pK (Normal) at 37C

Answer 26

6.1