acid base balance

Question 1

H+

Answer 1

hydrogen

Question 2

HCO3-

Answer 2

bicarbonate

Question 3

H2Co3

Answer 3

carbonate acid

Question 4

high H+

Answer 4

acid

Question 5

low H+

Answer 5

base (alkaline)

Question 6

high pH

Answer 6

basis (alkaline)

Question 7

low pH

Answer 7

acidic

Question 8

bicarbonate(HCO3-) regulated by what organs

Answer 8

kidneys

Question 9

bicarbonate (HCO3-) normal range

Answer 9

22-26 mEq/L

Question 10

For serum pH to remain within the normal range, the ratio of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) to carbonic acid (CO2) must be

Answer 10

20:1

Question 11

Three control mechanisms of acid/base balance

Answer 11

• blood buffer system
• respiratory regulation
• kidney regulation

Question 12

How does the blood buffer system work?

Answer 12

• circulates through body in pairs, acting as sponges
• one buffer takes away a H+ ion if fluid is too acidic
• one buffer gives a H+ ion if a buffer is too alkaline

Question 13

Which organ is responsible for the carbon dioxide level in the blood and how is it controlled?

Answer 13

lungs, through the rate and depth of respirations

Question 14

Deep, rapid breathing does what?

Answer 14

eliminates excess carbon dioxide which reduces extracellular fluid activity

Question 15

Increased breathing =

Answer 15

decreased CO2 in blood which results in more alkaline blood

Question 16

Shallow, slow breathing does what?

Answer 16

reduces loss of carbon dioxide, thereby increasing extracellular fluid activity

Question 17

Decreased breathing =

Answer 17

increased CO2 in blood which results in more acidic blood

Question 18

What is bicarbonate?

Answer 18

a major acid buffer

Question 19

Which organs act as the metabolic regulators of pH?

Answer 19

kidneys

Question 20

Excess acid is excreted by the kidneys in the form of

Answer 20

ammonia

Question 21

How long does the compensatory action of the kidneys take?

Answer 21

2-3 days

Question 22

Which serum pH levels result in death?

Answer 22

less than 6.8, greater than 7.8

Question 23

What is acidiosis?

Answer 23

a condition in which the blood has too much acid (or too little base) resulting in a decrease in blood pH

-lower than 7.35

Question 24

What is alkalosis?

Answer 24

a condition in which the blood has too much base ( or too little acid) resulting in an increase in blood pH

-higher than 7.45

Question 25

normal ABG pH levels

Answer 25

7.35-7.45

Question 26

normal ABG PaCO2 levels

Answer 26

35-45 mmHG

Question 27

normal ABG HCO3- levels

Answer 27

22-26 mEq/L

Question 28

normal ABG PaO2 levels

Answer 28

80-100 mmHg

Question 29

Respiratory acidosis is caused primarily by lung or breathing disorders such as

• 5 disorders
• 4 acute

Answer 29

• emphysema/COPD -airway obstruction
• chronic bronchitis -PE
• severe pneumonia - chest injuries
• pulmonary edema -CNS depression due
• asthma opiate use

Question 30

How does respiratory acidosis occur?

Answer 30

-when the respiratory system fails to to eliminate the appropriate amount of CO2 to maintain acid-base balance