acid base balance Flashcards
major lung chemical
CO
acid
kidney chemicals
bicarb and hydrogen
normal pH
7.35-7.45
acidotic vs alkalotic person
acidotic = lethargic alkalotic = excitable
compensating organs
kidneys and lungs
kidneys: remove excess acid and bicarb by excreting them through urine or retain hydrogen and bicarb
respond slow
lungs: exhale to get rid of CO2
hyperventilation decreases CO2 and decreases so alkalosis
hypoventilation increases CO2 and increases so acidosis
respond fast
respiratory acidosis
lungs have issues
kidneys compensate with bicarb and hydrogen
CO2 is causing the problem
too much CO2
hypoventilating
body must excrete hydrogen and retain bicarb
low pH
normal PaO2
80-100
normal PaCO2
35-45
HCO3 normal
22-26
CO2 and O2 relationship
inverse
Increase CO2 = decreased LOC
increase CO2 = decreased O2
respiratory acidosis causes
retain CO2 mid abdominal incision narcotics sleeping pills pneumothorax collapsed lung pneumonia
respiratory acidosis s/s
headache confused sleepy coma hypoxic (restless and tachycardia)
respiratory acidosis treatment
fix breathing issue
pneumonia: liquefy and mobilize secretions (percussion, deep breathing, suction, fluids, HOB increase, IS)
pneumothorax will have chest tubes
turn, cough and deep breath
respiratory alkalosis patho
lung issue kidneys compensate too little CO2 hyperventilating body excretes bicarb and retain hydrogen
respiratory alkalosis causes
hyperventilation
hysterical situation
acute aspirin OD
breathing too fast and removing CO2
respiratory alkalosis s/s
lightheaded
peri oral numbness
numbness and tingling in toes and fingers
respiratory alkalosis treatment
sedation
treat cause
metabolic acidosis
kidney issue lungs compensate with CO2 too little bicarb too much hydrogen RR increases to get rid of acid
metabolic acidosis causes
DKA
starvation
renal failure
severe diarrhea (lower GI think losing base)
metabolic acidosis s/s
hyperkalemia: muscle twitching, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, arrhythmia
increased RR (Kussmaul)
serum K goes up
metabolic acidosis treatment
treat cause
metabolic alkalosis
kidney issue
lungs compensate with CO2
too much bicarb
too little hydrogen
metabolic alkalosis causes
loss of upper GI contents
upper GI think acid– losing acid
too many antacids– too much base
metabolic alkalosis s/s
depends on cause
observe LOC
serum K goes down
monitor for muscle cramps and arrythmias
metabolic alkalosis treatment
fix issue
replace potassium
compensation
ph is normal = fully
ph is abnormal = partial
compensate when PCO2 and HCO2 are abnormal
