acid base balance

Question 1

major lung chemical

Answer 1

CO

acid

Question 2

kidney chemicals

Answer 2

bicarb and hydrogen

Question 3

normal pH

Answer 3

7.35-7.45

Question 4

acidotic vs alkalotic person

Answer 4

acidotic = lethargic
alkalotic = excitable

Question 5

compensating organs

Answer 5

kidneys and lungs

kidneys: remove excess acid and bicarb by excreting them through urine or retain hydrogen and bicarb
respond slow

lungs: exhale to get rid of CO2
hyperventilation decreases CO2 and decreases so alkalosis
hypoventilation increases CO2 and increases so acidosis
respond fast

Question 6

respiratory acidosis

Answer 6

lungs have issues
kidneys compensate with bicarb and hydrogen
CO2 is causing the problem
too much CO2
hypoventilating
body must excrete hydrogen and retain bicarb
low pH

Question 7

normal PaO2

Answer 7

80-100

Question 8

normal PaCO2

Answer 8

35-45

Question 9

HCO3 normal

Answer 9

22-26

Question 10

CO2 and O2 relationship

Answer 10

inverse
Increase CO2 = decreased LOC
increase CO2 = decreased O2

Question 11

respiratory acidosis causes

Answer 11

retain CO2
mid abdominal incision
narcotics
sleeping pills
pneumothorax
collapsed lung
pneumonia

Question 12

respiratory acidosis s/s

Answer 12

headache
confused
sleepy
coma
hypoxic (restless and tachycardia)

Question 13

respiratory acidosis treatment

Answer 13

fix breathing issue
pneumonia: liquefy and mobilize secretions (percussion, deep breathing, suction, fluids, HOB increase, IS)
pneumothorax will have chest tubes
turn, cough and deep breath

Question 14

respiratory alkalosis patho

Answer 14

lung issue
kidneys compensate
too little CO2
hyperventilating
body excretes bicarb and retain hydrogen

Question 15

respiratory alkalosis causes

Answer 15

hyperventilation
hysterical situation
acute aspirin OD
breathing too fast and removing CO2

Question 16

respiratory alkalosis s/s

Answer 16

lightheaded
peri oral numbness
numbness and tingling in toes and fingers

Question 17

respiratory alkalosis treatment

Answer 17

sedation

treat cause

Question 18

metabolic acidosis

Answer 18

kidney issue
lungs compensate with CO2
too little bicarb
too much hydrogen
RR increases to get rid of acid

Question 19

metabolic acidosis causes

Answer 19

DKA
starvation
renal failure
severe diarrhea (lower GI think losing base)

Question 20

metabolic acidosis s/s

Answer 20

hyperkalemia: muscle twitching, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, arrhythmia
increased RR (Kussmaul)
serum K goes up

Question 21

metabolic acidosis treatment

Answer 21

treat cause

Question 22

metabolic alkalosis

Answer 22

kidney issue
lungs compensate with CO2
too much bicarb
too little hydrogen

Question 23

metabolic alkalosis causes

Answer 23

loss of upper GI contents
upper GI think acid– losing acid
too many antacids– too much base

Question 24

metabolic alkalosis s/s

Answer 24

depends on cause
observe LOC
serum K goes down
monitor for muscle cramps and arrythmias

Question 25

metabolic alkalosis treatment

Answer 25

fix issue

replace potassium

Question 26

compensation

Answer 26

ph is normal = fully
ph is abnormal = partial
compensate when PCO2 and HCO2 are abnormal