Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

List the normal ranges for:
pH
HCO3
paCO2
saO2
paO2
BE

Answer 1

pH: 7.35-7.45
HCO3: 22-26
paCO2: 35-45
saO2: >95%
paO2: 80-100 mmHg
BE: -2 to +2

Question 2

Explain the Early RAT is Late to BED acronym

Answer 2

Hypoxia symtoms
Early: Restless, Anxiety, Tachycardia
Late: Bradycardia, Extreme restlessness, Dyspnea

Question 3

Respiratory Acidosis involves __ pH and __ CO2

___K+ causes?

what kind of breathing causes this?

Answer 3

Low pH, high CO2

Hyperkalemia causes v.fib

Hypoventillation

Question 4

For Respiratory Acidosis, which position facilitates deep breathing?

Answer 4

Semi-fowlers

Question 5

Respiratory alkalosis involves ___pH and ___CO2

___K+ causes?

What kind of breathing causes this?

Answer 5

High pH, low CO2

Hypokalemia causes dysrhythmias

Hyperventiliation

Question 6

What needs to be increased to treat respiratory alkalosis? How is this achieved?

Answer 6

CO2 levels need to rise

Breathe into bag/cupped hands/rebreather mask

Question 7

Metabolic acidosis involves ___pH and ____ HCO3

__ K+ causes?

What kind of respirations are associated?

Answer 7

Low pH, low HCO3

Hyperkalemia causes dysrhythmias

Kussmall respirations: deep and rapid

Question 8

What is the #1 cause of metabolic acidosis?

What complication of diabetes is associated?

Answer 8

Renal dysfunction

DKA: Diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 9

Metabolic alkalosis involves ___pH and ___CO2

___K+ can cause?

What kind of breathing is seen?

Answer 9

Low pH, low CO2

Hypokalemia can cause dysrhythmias

Hypoventilation

Question 10

What is the most common cause of metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 10

Prolonged vomiting, NG suctioning