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Adult Health 380 Exam 3 > Acid-Base Balance > Flashcards

Acid-Base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal body pH?

A

7.35-7.45

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2
Q

What is acid?

A

release hydrogen ions

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3
Q

What is base?

A

accept hydrogen ions

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4
Q

What is a buffer system?

A

function to convert strong acids or bases into weak acids or bases

-bicarbonate
-phosphate
-protein

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5
Q

What is the value of acidosis?

A

pH below 7.35

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6
Q

What is the value of alkalosis?

A

pH above 7.45

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7
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure?

A

the pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel

-arterial side of capillary bed

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8
Q

What is osmotic pressure?

A

the external pressure that must be applied to stop osmosis

-venous side of capillary bed

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9
Q

HIGH Hydrogen ion concentration = ?

A

Acidosis (low pH)

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10
Q

LOW hydrogen ion concentration = ?

A

Alkalosis (high pH)

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11
Q

What is PaCO2?

A

partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood

35-45 mmHg

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12
Q

What is PaO2?

A

partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood

80-100 mmHg

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13
Q

PaCO2 < 35 mmHg = ?

A

hypocapnia

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14
Q

PaCO2 > 45 mmHg = ?

A

hypercapnia

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15
Q

What is HCO3?

A

Bicarbonate concentration in plasma

22-26 mEq/L

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16
Q

What is BE?

A

bases excess; a measure of buffering capacity

-3 to +3

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17
Q

What do Metabolic disorders do?

A

affect the blood acidity by causing changes in the HCO3-(bicarb)

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18
Q

What do Respiratory disorders do?

A

affect the blood acidity by causing changes in the PaCO2(carbonic acid)

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19
Q

What is ROME?

A

Respiratory - Opposite
Metabolic - Equal

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20
Q

What does respiratory alkalosis look like?

A

high pH(>7.45); low PaCO2(<35)

21
Q

What does respiratory acidosis look like?

A

low pH(<7.35); high PaCO2(>45)

22
Q

What does metabolic acidosis look like?

A

low pH (<7.35); low HCO3 (<22)

23
Q

What does metabolic alkalosis look like?

A

high pH (>7.45); high HCO3 (>26)

24
Q

Risk factors of metabolic acidosis include…

A

-type 1 diabetes
-acute/chronic renal failure
-GI alterations

25
Q

Pathophysiology of metabolic acidosis

A

-excess loss of bicarb
-accumulation of metabolic acids

26
Q

Metabolic alkalosis causes…

A

-increased acid loss
-increased bicarbonate

27
Q

Metabolic alkalosis compensation is…

A

respiratory rate and depth DECREASE, retaining CO2

28
Q

Metabolic acidosis causes…

A

-increase acid production
-decreased acid secretion

29
Q

Metabolic acidosis compensation is…

A

respiratory rate and rhythm INCREASE, eliminating CO2

30
Q

Acute respiratory acidosis causes…

A

-opioid overdose
-chest trauma

31
Q

Chronic respiratory acidosis causes…

A

-COPD
-cystic fibrosis

32
Q

Respiratory acidosis compensation is…

A

Kidneys conserve

HCO3(bicarb)

33
Q

Respiratory alkalosis causes…

A

hyperventilation

fever

34
Q

Respiratory alkalosis compensation…

A

kidneys excrete

HCO3(bicarb)

35
Q

Metabolic acidosis manifestations include…

A

headache, weakness, fatigue, nausea, deep & rapid respirations

36
Q

What helps metabolic acidosis?

A

saline solutions and glucose

37
Q

Metabolic alkalosis manifestations include…

A

Tetany, confusion, dizziness, depressed respirations

38
Q

What helps metabolic alkalosis?

A

potassium chloride

sodium chloride

acidifying solution

39
Q

Respiratory acidosis manifestations include…

A

headache, weakness, irritability, decreased LOC, blurred vision, sleep disturbances

40
Q

What helps respiratory acidosis?

A

bronchodilators and antibiotics

41
Q

Respiratory alkalosis manifestations include…

A

lightheadedness, numbness and tingling, seizures

42
Q

What helps with respiratory alkalosis?

A

sedatives

breathe in paper bag (hyperventilation)

43
Q

What are respiratory acidosis risk factors?

A

depressed ventilation

chest trauma

aspiration

pneumonia

44
Q

What are respiratory alkalosis risk factors?

A

hyperventilation/anxiety

45
Q

When do you use hypotonic fluids?

A

When patient is very dehydrated and needs fluid

46
Q

When do you use isotonic fluids?

A

When patient needs to be kept at a neutral fluid level

47
Q

When do you use hypertonic fluid?

A

When patient is in fluid overload and needs to lose fluid

48
Q

What is the MOST common metabolic/respiratory; alkalosis/acidosis?

A

Respiratory Acidosis

49
Q

What is the LEAST common metabolic/respiratory; alkalosis/acidosis?

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

Adult Health 380 Exam 3 (4 decks)

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