Acid-Base Balance Flashcards
What is the normal body pH?
7.35-7.45
What is acid?
release hydrogen ions
What is base?
accept hydrogen ions
What is a buffer system?
function to convert strong acids or bases into weak acids or bases
-bicarbonate
-phosphate
-protein
What is the value of acidosis?
pH below 7.35
What is the value of alkalosis?
pH above 7.45
What is hydrostatic pressure?
the pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel
-arterial side of capillary bed
What is osmotic pressure?
the external pressure that must be applied to stop osmosis
-venous side of capillary bed
HIGH Hydrogen ion concentration = ?
Acidosis (low pH)
LOW hydrogen ion concentration = ?
Alkalosis (high pH)
What is PaCO2?
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood
35-45 mmHg
What is PaO2?
partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood
80-100 mmHg
PaCO2 < 35 mmHg = ?
hypocapnia
PaCO2 > 45 mmHg = ?
hypercapnia
What is HCO3?
Bicarbonate concentration in plasma
22-26 mEq/L
What is BE?
bases excess; a measure of buffering capacity
-3 to +3
What do Metabolic disorders do?
affect the blood acidity by causing changes in the HCO3-(bicarb)
What do Respiratory disorders do?
affect the blood acidity by causing changes in the PaCO2(carbonic acid)
What is ROME?
Respiratory - Opposite
Metabolic - Equal
What does respiratory alkalosis look like?
high pH(>7.45); low PaCO2(<35)
What does respiratory acidosis look like?
low pH(<7.35); high PaCO2(>45)
What does metabolic acidosis look like?
low pH (<7.35); low HCO3 (<22)
What does metabolic alkalosis look like?
high pH (>7.45); high HCO3 (>26)
Risk factors of metabolic acidosis include…
-type 1 diabetes
-acute/chronic renal failure
-GI alterations
Pathophysiology of metabolic acidosis
-excess loss of bicarb
-accumulation of metabolic acids
Metabolic alkalosis causes…
-increased acid loss
-increased bicarbonate
Metabolic alkalosis compensation is…
respiratory rate and depth DECREASE, retaining CO2
Metabolic acidosis causes…
-increase acid production
-decreased acid secretion
Metabolic acidosis compensation is…
respiratory rate and rhythm INCREASE, eliminating CO2
Acute respiratory acidosis causes…
-opioid overdose
-chest trauma
Chronic respiratory acidosis causes…
-COPD
-cystic fibrosis
Respiratory acidosis compensation is…
Kidneys conserve
HCO3(bicarb)
Respiratory alkalosis causes…
hyperventilation
fever
Respiratory alkalosis compensation…
kidneys excrete
HCO3(bicarb)
Metabolic acidosis manifestations include…
headache, weakness, fatigue, nausea, deep & rapid respirations
What helps metabolic acidosis?
saline solutions and glucose
Metabolic alkalosis manifestations include…
Tetany, confusion, dizziness, depressed respirations
What helps metabolic alkalosis?
potassium chloride
sodium chloride
acidifying solution
Respiratory acidosis manifestations include…
headache, weakness, irritability, decreased LOC, blurred vision, sleep disturbances
What helps respiratory acidosis?
bronchodilators and antibiotics
Respiratory alkalosis manifestations include…
lightheadedness, numbness and tingling, seizures
What helps with respiratory alkalosis?
sedatives
breathe in paper bag (hyperventilation)
What are respiratory acidosis risk factors?
depressed ventilation
chest trauma
aspiration
pneumonia
What are respiratory alkalosis risk factors?
hyperventilation/anxiety
When do you use hypotonic fluids?
When patient is very dehydrated and needs fluid
When do you use isotonic fluids?
When patient needs to be kept at a neutral fluid level
When do you use hypertonic fluid?
When patient is in fluid overload and needs to lose fluid
What is the MOST common metabolic/respiratory; alkalosis/acidosis?
Respiratory Acidosis
What is the LEAST common metabolic/respiratory; alkalosis/acidosis?
Metabolic Alkalosis
