Acid Base Abnormalities

Question 1

Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 1

Alveolar Hypoventilation
Increase PCO2
Decrease PH

Compensatory: Increase HCO3 ( +1 HCO3 for each Increase PCO2 of 10mmHg) Limited to 38

Question 2

Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 2

Alveolar Hyperventilation
Decrease PCO2
Increase PH

Compensatory: Decrease HCO3 ( -2 for each decrease PCO2 of 10mmHg) limit 18

Question 3

Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 3

Loss of HCO3 or gain of H+
Decrease HCO3
Decrease PH

Compensatory: Alveolar hyperventilation to increase pulmonary CO2 excretion
Decrease PCO2 limit 15

Question 4

Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 4

Gain of HCO3 or loss of H+
Increase HCO3
Increase PH

Compensatory: Alveolar hypoventilation to decrease pulmonary CO2 excretion
Increase PCO2 limit 55

Question 5

Metabolic acidosis with increase anion gap causes

Answer 5

Lactic acidosis, keto acidosis, uremia, ingestion of toxins, high fat diet, renal tubular acidosis

Question 6

Respiratory acidosis causes

Answer 6

Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severe pneumonia, pulmonary Edema, interstitial fibrosis, airway obstruction, pneumothorax, defects in peripheral nervous system, depression of respiratory center

Question 7

Metabolic alkalosis causes

Answer 7

Vomiting nasogastric suction, diuretics, laxative abuse, cystic fibrosis, massive blood transfusion, hypokalemia, hypo magnesium Mia, hyper adrenocorticoid states like Cushing’s syndrome

Question 8

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 8

Hypoxemia, drugs, central nervous system disorders, psycho genic hyperventilation, hepatic and cephalopathy, gram-negative sepsis, hyponatremia, Assisted ventilation