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AH2 Exam 2 > Acid-Base (ABGs) > Flashcards

Acid-Base (ABGs) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most effective buffering system?

A

Renal Buffering

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2
Q

what is respiratory buffering?

A

it happens when there is an increase in CO2, there is more hydrogen ions. this lowers pH to which creates acidotic state. then RR increases to let out the CO2 out. which then the CO2 decreases, which hydrogen ions decreases leading to a higher pH. RR will slow to conserve CO2. (changes in RR will alter pH faster than metabolic changes)

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3
Q

what is renal buffering in alkalosis?

A

begins within hours but requires several days.
in alkalosis, kidneys release bicarb, which reabsorb hydrogen ions. urine will be more alkaline which decrease pH.

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4
Q

what is renal buffering in acidosis

A

kidney excrete hydrogen ions, reabsorb bicarb. urine becomes acidic, and pH increases.

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5
Q

whose at risk for ABGs abnormalities?

A

very young and very old.

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6
Q

normal pH

A

7.35-7.45

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7
Q

normal PaCO2

A

35-45

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8
Q

normal HCO3

A

22-26

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9
Q

what does it need to be partially compensated?

A

pH- abnormal
CO2- abnormal
HCO3- abnormal

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10
Q

fully compensated?

A

pH- normal
CO2- abnormal
HCO3- abnormal

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11
Q

primary prevention for acid-base imbalance?

A

healthy eating
safe weight loss
smoking cessation
poison control
safe food handling

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12
Q

exemplars for respiratory acidosis

A

asthma
bacterial pneumonia
COPD

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13
Q

exemplars for metabolic acidosis

A

DKA
severe hypovolemia
circulatory shock
oliguric renal disease

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14
Q

exemplars for respiratory alkalosis

A

hyperventilation

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15
Q

exemplars for metabolic alkalosis

A

prolonged vomiting
mild hypovoemia
hypokalemia

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16
Q

normal PaO2

A

80-100

17
Q

what pH is considered lethal?

A

less than 6.8
more than 7.8

18
Q

how do you perform and ABG sample?

A

aspesis
herparinized syringe
direct pressure for at least 5 minutes, or 20 min if theyre on anticoag.

19
Q

how do you do allen’s test?

A
  1. pt clench their fist
    occlude their radial/ulnar arties
    have pt open hand
    remove pressure from ulnar artery
    color should return to hand
20
Q

causes for respiratory acidosis

A

cns depression
excessive o2 to copd
PE
ards
sleep apnea
pneumothorax
myasthenia gravis
Guillain-barre

21
Q

S/S or respiratory acidosis

A

dyspnea
respiratory distress
tachycardia
low LOC
low BP
HYPERKALEMIA
dysrhythmias

22
Q

tx for respiratory acidosis

A

o2
hydration
semi fowler
deep breathing
bronchodialotrs
mucolytic
antibiotics if infection
thrombolytic if PE
mechanical ventilation

23
Q

causes for respiratory alkalosis

A

hyperventilation, fever, pain,

24
Q

S/S for respiratory alkalosis

A

tachycardia/tachypnea
lightheadedhness
confusion
hypokalemia
hypocalcemia
TETANY
cramping

25
Q

tx respiratory alkalosis

A

anti-anxiety
slow, deep breathing
rebreather mask
oxygen= if hypoxic

26
Q

causes for metabolic acidosis

A

renal failure, diarrhea, loss of fluid in gi tract, DKA, fasting

27
Q

S/S for metabolic acidosis

A

low LOC, drowsy
KUSSMAUL respiration
HOTN
low CO
hyperkalemia
dysthymias

28
Q

tx for metabolic acidosis

A

sodium bicard (PH<7.1)
monitor high potassium levels
monitor low calcium levels

29
Q

causes for metabolic alkalosis

A

vomiting, gastric suction, excessive antacids

30
Q

s/s metabolic alkalosis

A

hypocalcemia
hypokalemia
respiratory depression
tachycardia
tetany
seizures

31
Q

tx for metabolic alkalosis

A

stop diuretics
IVF with NS
KCL to IVF

32
Q

s/s for acidosis for saunders

A

lethargy
confusion
dizzy
headache
coma
dysthymias
muscle weakness
seizures

33
Q

s/s for respiratory acidosis (saunders)

A

warm
flushed skin
respiratory rate increased

34
Q

s/s for metabolic acidosis

A

cold
clammy skin
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain
KUSSMAUL respiration

35
Q
A

AH2 Exam 2 (4 decks)

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