Acid Base Flashcards
4 basic mechanisms that can cause metabolic acidosis
Accumulation of metabolic acids
Excess loss of bicarbonate
Increase in chloride levels
Fluid imbalance
Metabolic acidosis can result from
Tissue hypoxia Diabetic ketoacidosis Acute or chronic renal failure Diarrhea,intestinal suction, fistula Ingestion of acidic substances
Metabolic acidosis risk factors
Dka Renal failure Severe sepsis Liver failure Salicylate intoxication Severe diarrhea
Metabolic acidosis clinical manifestations
Weakness Fatigue Headache Malaise Diminished appetite Nausea and vomiting Abdominal pain Decline in LOC Dysthymia Skin warm and flushed Skeletal problems Kussmaul respiration SOB Dyspraxia
Metabolic acidosis test
ABG
Serum electrolytes
Metabolic acidosis
What will the nurse do?
Monitor vs I&O Monitor for dysthymia Labs Monitor for excess fluid volume Reduce risk for injury
Metabolic alkalosis
pH <7.45
Bicarbonate >28
Metabolic alkalosis causes
Excessive antacids Hyperaldosteronism Hypokalemia Hypochloremia Nasogastric suctioning Loop diuretics Vomiting
Metabolic alkalosis risk factors
Hypokalemia
Treatment with bicarbonate
Self induced vomiting
Chronic hypercapnia respiratory failure
Metabolic alkalosis
Clinical manifestations
Numbness around mouth, finger and toes Dizziness Trousseau sign Muscle spasm Confusion Decreased LOC Hyperreflexia Tetany Dysthymia Hypotension Seizure Respiratory failure
Metabolic alkalosis labs and test
ABG
Serum electrolytes
Urine pH
ECG
Metabolic alkalosis
What will the nurse do?
Monitor gas exchange Skin Respiratory Semi-Fowler position Oxygen Rest periods I&O Pulses Daily weight IV fluids
Respiratory acidosis
pH <7.35
PaCO2 >45
Acute respiratory acidosis
Results from sudden failure of ventilation
Cause by: Chest trauma Aspiration of foreign body Acute pneumonia Overdose narcotic
Chronic respiratory acidosis
COPD
Asthma
Cystic fibrosis
MS
Kidneys retain bicarbonate
