acid/base Flashcards
respiratory acidosis
1) pH
2) breathing
3) CO2
pH is decreased. ( < 7.35)
bradypnea
CO2 is increased (> 45)
resp acidosis compensation
electrolyte abnormality
and pneumonic
kidneys increase bicarb (> 26)
watch for hyperkalemia
DEPRESS
diseases and drugs
edema
pneumonia
resp center in brain
emboli
sacs in aveoli
spasms (asthma)
resp alkalosis labs
breathing
watch out for what
compensation
increased pH, decreased PCO2 and HCO3
HYPERVENTILATION
watch for hypocalcemia and hypokalemia
kidneys decrease bicarb
metabolic acidosis
1) labs
2) 3 causes
3) breathing
1) everything decreased
2) increased acid prod(DKA), decreased acid excretion(renal failure-not filtering waste), loss of bicarb(diarrhea)
3) kussmaul (deep rapid breaths)
metabolic alkalosis
everything increased
failure of lung to excrete CO2; alveolar hypoventilation leading to pulmonary CO2 retention; overproduction of CO2
resp acidosis
causes of resp alkalosis pneumonic
TACHYPNEA
temp(fever)
aspirin toxicity
controlled mechanical ventilation
hyperventilation
anxietY
pneumonia/pain/pregnancy
neuro injury
emboli
asthma
metabolic encephalopathy with HA and drowsiness, hypercapnia, hypoxemia
resp acidosis
what if you dont correct resp acidosis
initial CNS sx may progress to stupor and coma
acute CO2 retention leads to what
increase in blood PCO2 with minimal change in plasma bicarb
after 2-5 days of CO@2 retention…
renal compensation occurs, leading to increased hydrogen ion secretion and bicarb production, then bicarb levels increase
decreased PCO2(hypocapnia) and increased blood pH
resp alkalosis
excessive elimination of CO2 leads to what
resp alkalosis. leads to increased ventilation. kidneys respond by gradually eliminating plasma bicarb
tetany like syndrome
acute alkalemia and acute hypocalcemia
elevation of hydrogen ions or loss of bicarb
metabolic acidosis
