Acid-Base

Question 1

Acid

Answer 1

Molecule containing hydrogen atom that
can release hydrogen ion when placed in
solution

Question 2

Strong Acid

Answer 2

Rapid dissociation with release large amount of H+

ex HCl

Question 3

Weak Acid

Answer 3

Slow dissociation with release small amount of H+

ex H2CO3

Question 4

Base

Answer 4

Ion or molecule that can accept hydrogen

ions

Question 5

Strong Base

Answer 5

Reacts strongly and rapidly with H+ and quickly removes larger quantities of H+ from solution
(ex OH-)

Question 6

Weak Base

Answer 6

Reacts slowly forming weak bonds does not remove as much H+

ex HCO3-

Question 7

Most of the acids & bases in extracellular

fluid are what?

Answer 7

Most of the acids & bases in extracellular
fluid involved with normal acid-base regulation are weak acids and weak bases
– H2 CO3 and HCO3-

Question 8

Normal blood [H+] is what nEq/L? mEq/L?

Answer 8

40 nEq/liter
–0.00004 mEq/liter

Normal variations 3 to 5 nEq/liter

Question 9

Extreme range of [H+]?? nEq/L

Answer 9

10 nEq/liter to 50 nEq/liter

Question 10

pH = equation = 7.4

Answer 10

log(0.00000004 Eq/liter)

Question 11

Arterial Blood normal pH

Answer 11

4. 0 x 10-5 mEq/L

7. 40

Question 12

Venous Blood normal pH

Answer 12

4. 5 x 10-5 mEq/L

7. 35

Question 13

Interstitial Fluid normal pH

Answer 13

4. 5 x 10-5 mEq/L

7. 35

Question 14

Intracellular Fluid normal pH

Answer 14

1 x 10-3 to 4 x 10-5 mEq/L

6.0–7.4

Question 15

Urine

Answer 15

3 x 10-2 to 1 x 10-5 mEq/L

4.5–8.0

Question 16

Gastric HCl

Answer 16

160 mEq/L

0.8

Question 17

Range of pH levels at which person can live more than a few hours?

Answer 17

• Lower limit: 6.8

* Upper limit: 8.0

Question 18

Buffer System of Extracellular Fluid?

Answer 18

–Bicarbonate system (extracellular)

–Phosphate system (extracellular)

Question 19

Buffer System of Intracellular Fluid?

Answer 19

–Proteins (intracellular)

Question 20

How do the Lungs control pH?

Answer 20

–Control of carbon dioxide

Question 21

How do the Kidneys control pH?

Answer 21

–Control of hydrogen ion concentration

–Control of bicarbonate ion concentration

Question 22

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation?

Answer 22

pH = pK + log[Base/Acid]

Question 23

Diagnosis of Acid-Base Disorders Step 1:
Look at pH to identify the most appropriate
disorder

Answer 23

–Acidosis (pH < 7.35)

–Alkalosis (pH > 7.45)

Question 24

Diagnosis of Acid-Base Disorders Step 1:
Look at bicarbonate concentration whats up with it?
–If pH indicates acidosis

Answer 24

Metabolic (bicarbonate concentration low)

Respiratory (bicarbonate concentration high)

Question 25

Diagnosis of Acid-Base Disorders Step 1:
Look at bicarbonate concentration whats up with it?
–If pH indicates alkalosis

Answer 25

Metabolic (bicarbonate concentration high)

Respiratory (bicarbonate concentration low)

Question 26

Diagnosis of Acid-Base Disorders Step 2:

Determine if a 2nd disorder co-exists by looking at compensation for the primary disorder —– If primary problem is metabolic do what ????

Answer 26

–If primary problem is metabolic acidosis or alkalosis look at the actual pCO2 value

Question 27

Diagnosis of Acid-Base Disorders Step 2:

Determine if a 2nd disorder co-exists by looking at compensation for the primary disorder —– If primary problem is respiratory do what ????

Answer 27

–If primary problem is respiratory acidosis or alkalosis look at [HCO3-]

Question 28

Diagnosis of Acid-Base Disorders Step 2:
Determine if a 2nd disorder co-exists by looking at compensation for the primary disorder and if the compensation is appropriate what does it mean??

Answer 28

If compensation appropriate, there is no

secondary problem.