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Acid Base Balance > Acid Base > Flashcards

Acid Base Flashcards

0
Q

Define pH

A

Specific quantities of H+ ions produced by the normal process of metabolism determine pH of extra cellular fluid

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1
Q

Define homeostasis

A

Bodies natural tendency to maintain steady and balanced environment

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2
Q

What is H20

A

Water

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3
Q

What is Co2

A

Carbon dioxide

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4
Q

What is H+?

A

Hydrogen

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5
Q

What is OH?

A

Hydroxide

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6
Q

What is pH?

A

Potential of hydrogen

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7
Q

What is H2CO3?

A

Carbonic acid

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8
Q

NaHCO3?

A

Sodium bicarbonate

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9
Q

Define an acid

A

Substances that contain hydrogen ions that can be released to other substances (substance donates hydrogen ions)

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10
Q

Define base

A

Substances which posses no hydrogen ions but are able to accept hydrogen ions from acids (substance that does not have hydrogen ions but can accept them)

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11
Q

An increase in H+ causes

A

Acidosis

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12
Q

A decrease in H+ results in

A

Alkalosis

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13
Q

What is the pH of blood?

A

7.35-7.45mmHG

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14
Q

pH scale —

A

Indirectly measures amount of H+ in the arterial blood

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15
Q

What is paCO2 (pco2)?

A

It is the respiratory component - measures the arterial CO2

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16
Q

What is paO2 (po2)?

A

Pressure which measures arterial O2

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17
Q

What is O2 saturation?

A

Percentage of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin molecules in arterial blood

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18
Q

What is HCO3 (bicarbonate)?

A

Metabolic component - amount of bicarbonate base in the arterial blood

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19
Q

Which of the 3 systems is quickest to respond?

A

The buffer system

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20
Q

Which system is fast to react but slow to recover?

A

The buffer system

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21
Q

What is the ordinary base in the buffer system? What is he chemical symbol for this buffer?

A

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)

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22
Q

What is the ordinary acid the body? What happens when H2O and Co2 combine?

A

Carbonic acid (H2CO3)

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23
Q

What is the ratio for homeostatic balance?

A

20: 1
20b: 1a

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24
Q

What are the numbers for Paco2?

A

35-45 torr
Less than 35 is base
More than 45 is acid

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25
Q

Decreased respirations results in retention of resp and an increase of?

A

Co2

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26
Q

Increased levels of co2 lead to increased levels of h2c03 also known as?

A

Carbonic acid

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27
Q

Increased h2co3 leads to?

A

Acidosis

28
Q

If the number is >45, the co2 is?

A

High

29
Q

Define hyperventilation

A

When co2 is excreted faster than it is produced

30
Q

What are some causes for resp acidosis?

A

Asthma, copd, resp arrest, resp depression, pulmonary edema, anaphylaxis, airway obstruction

31
Q

List causes for resp alkalosis?

A

Hyperventilation because of anxiety, hypoxia, anemia, CNS disorders, medications, infections

32
Q

If the number of <35, the co2 is?

A

Low

33
Q

Which system removed the largest amounts of acids from the body?

A

The renal system

34
Q

Which system is the slowest to respond to changes in pH?

A

The renal system

35
Q

What is the normal hco3?

A

22-26 mEq/liter

Less than 22 is acid
Greater than 26 is base

36
Q

The body is constantly producing H+ ions, how are they removed?

A

Through metabolic and chemical processes

37
Q

What 3 mechanisms does the body use to accomplish removal of excess H+?

A

The respiratory, renal and buffer system

38
Q

Which of the 3 systems is quickest to respond but slow to recover?

A

The buffer system

39
Q

What is the ordinary base in the buffer system?

A

Sodium bicarbonate nahco3

40
Q

What is the ordinary acid in the system?

A

Carbonic acid

41
Q

When h2o and co2 combine what do they form?

A

H2co3

42
Q

What system removed the largest amounts of acids from
The body
And is slowest to respond to changes in pH?

A

Renal system

43
Q

Which system is the last and best defense against wide pH variations?

A

Renal system

44
Q

Values for pH?

A

7.35-7.45

45
Q

Values for paCo2?

A

35-45torr

46
Q

Values for hco3?

A

22-26mEq/l

47
Q

Values for paO2?

A

80-100 torr

48
Q

Values for O2?

A

90-100%

49
Q

If there is an increase in resp acids, what might the body do with bicarbonate?

A

Retain it

50
Q

If there is a decrease in resp acids, what might the body do with bicarbonate?

A

Eliminate it

51
Q

If there is an increase in metabolic acids, what might the body do with carbonic acid?

A

Eliminate it

52
Q

If there is a decrease in metabolic acids, what might the body do with carbonic acid?

A

Retain it

53
Q

In compensated shock the body is able to _____ pH in setting of excess acid or base

A

Maintain

54
Q

In compensated shock the pH will be ____?

A

Normal

55
Q

In compensated shock the paco2 and/or the hco3 will be?

A

Abnormal

56
Q

Fill in the following values for compensated shock:
pH =
Paco2=
Hco3=

A

Ph will be normal
Paco2 will be normal or abnormal
Hco3 will be normal or abnormal

57
Q

In partially compensated shock the body is _____ to maintain pH in setting of excess acid or base, but is still trying.

A

Unable

58
Q

Ph in partially compensated shock will be?

A

Abnormal

59
Q

The other systems will reflect an _____ compensatory level

A

Opposite

60
Q

Fill in the blanks for respiratory acidosis:
ph =
Paco2=
Hco3=

A

Ph is acid
Paco2 is acid
Hco3 is alkalotic

61
Q

Fill in the blanks for metabolic acidosis for ph, paco2 and hco3?

A

Ph is acid
Paco2 alkalotic
Hco2 is acid

62
Q

Fill in the blanks for resp alkalosis for ph, paco2, hco3?

A

Ph is alkalosis
Paco2 is alkalosis
Hco3 is acidotic

63
Q

Fill in the blanks for metabolic alkalosis

A

Ph is alkalosis
Paco2 is acidosis
Hco3 is alkalosis

64
Q

In uncompensated shock body is ____ to maintain pH in setting of excess acid or base.

A

Unable

65
Q

pH will be _____ in uncompensated shock

A

Abnormal

66
Q

Paco2 and/or hco3 will be _____ or ______

A

Normal or Abnormal

67
Q

Transitional ABGs are _______

A

Uncommon

68
Q

Fill in the blanks for transitional shock for ph, paco2 and hco3?

A

Ph is normal
Paco2 is abnormal
Hco3 is abnormal

Acid Base Balance (1 decks)

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