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Acid Base Flashcards

0
Q

Define pH

A

Specific quantities of H+ ions produced by the normal process of metabolism determine pH of extra cellular fluid

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1
Q

Define homeostasis

A

Bodies natural tendency to maintain steady and balanced environment

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2
Q

What is H20

A

Water

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3
Q

What is Co2

A

Carbon dioxide

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4
Q

What is H+?

A

Hydrogen

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5
Q

What is OH?

A

Hydroxide

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6
Q

What is pH?

A

Potential of hydrogen

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7
Q

What is H2CO3?

A

Carbonic acid

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8
Q

NaHCO3?

A

Sodium bicarbonate

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9
Q

Define an acid

A

Substances that contain hydrogen ions that can be released to other substances (substance donates hydrogen ions)

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10
Q

Define base

A

Substances which posses no hydrogen ions but are able to accept hydrogen ions from acids (substance that does not have hydrogen ions but can accept them)

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11
Q

An increase in H+ causes

A

Acidosis

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12
Q

A decrease in H+ results in

A

Alkalosis

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13
Q

What is the pH of blood?

A

7.35-7.45mmHG

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14
Q

pH scale —

A

Indirectly measures amount of H+ in the arterial blood

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15
Q

What is paCO2 (pco2)?

A

It is the respiratory component - measures the arterial CO2

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16
Q

What is paO2 (po2)?

A

Pressure which measures arterial O2

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17
Q

What is O2 saturation?

A

Percentage of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin molecules in arterial blood

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18
Q

What is HCO3 (bicarbonate)?

A

Metabolic component - amount of bicarbonate base in the arterial blood

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19
Q

Which of the 3 systems is quickest to respond?

A

The buffer system

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20
Q

Which system is fast to react but slow to recover?

A

The buffer system

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21
Q

What is the ordinary base in the buffer system? What is he chemical symbol for this buffer?

A

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)

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22
Q

What is the ordinary acid the body? What happens when H2O and Co2 combine?

A

Carbonic acid (H2CO3)

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23
Q

What is the ratio for homeostatic balance?

A

20: 1
20b: 1a

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24
What are the numbers for Paco2?
35-45 torr Less than 35 is base More than 45 is acid
25
Decreased respirations results in retention of resp and an increase of?
Co2
26
Increased levels of co2 lead to increased levels of h2c03 also known as?
Carbonic acid
27
Increased h2co3 leads to?
Acidosis
28
If the number is >45, the co2 is?
High
29
Define hyperventilation
When co2 is excreted faster than it is produced
30
What are some causes for resp acidosis?
Asthma, copd, resp arrest, resp depression, pulmonary edema, anaphylaxis, airway obstruction
31
List causes for resp alkalosis?
Hyperventilation because of anxiety, hypoxia, anemia, CNS disorders, medications, infections
32
If the number of <35, the co2 is?
Low
33
Which system removed the largest amounts of acids from the body?
The renal system
34
Which system is the slowest to respond to changes in pH?
The renal system
35
What is the normal hco3?
22-26 mEq/liter Less than 22 is acid Greater than 26 is base
36
The body is constantly producing H+ ions, how are they removed?
Through metabolic and chemical processes
37
What 3 mechanisms does the body use to accomplish removal of excess H+?
The respiratory, renal and buffer system
38
Which of the 3 systems is quickest to respond but slow to recover?
The buffer system
39
What is the ordinary base in the buffer system?
Sodium bicarbonate nahco3
40
What is the ordinary acid in the system?
Carbonic acid
41
When h2o and co2 combine what do they form?
H2co3
42
What system removed the largest amounts of acids from The body And is slowest to respond to changes in pH?
Renal system
43
Which system is the last and best defense against wide pH variations?
Renal system
44
Values for pH?
7.35-7.45
45
Values for paCo2?
35-45torr
46
Values for hco3?
22-26mEq/l
47
Values for paO2?
80-100 torr
48
Values for O2?
90-100%
49
If there is an increase in resp acids, what might the body do with bicarbonate?
Retain it
50
If there is a decrease in resp acids, what might the body do with bicarbonate?
Eliminate it
51
If there is an increase in metabolic acids, what might the body do with carbonic acid?
Eliminate it
52
If there is a decrease in metabolic acids, what might the body do with carbonic acid?
Retain it
53
In compensated shock the body is able to _____ pH in setting of excess acid or base
Maintain
54
In compensated shock the pH will be ____?
Normal
55
In compensated shock the paco2 and/or the hco3 will be?
Abnormal
56
Fill in the following values for compensated shock: pH = Paco2= Hco3=
Ph will be normal Paco2 will be normal or abnormal Hco3 will be normal or abnormal
57
In partially compensated shock the body is _____ to maintain pH in setting of excess acid or base, but is still trying.
Unable
58
Ph in partially compensated shock will be?
Abnormal
59
The other systems will reflect an _____ compensatory level
Opposite
60
Fill in the blanks for respiratory acidosis: ph = Paco2= Hco3=
Ph is acid Paco2 is acid Hco3 is alkalotic
61
Fill in the blanks for metabolic acidosis for ph, paco2 and hco3?
Ph is acid Paco2 alkalotic Hco2 is acid
62
Fill in the blanks for resp alkalosis for ph, paco2, hco3?
Ph is alkalosis Paco2 is alkalosis Hco3 is acidotic
63
Fill in the blanks for metabolic alkalosis
Ph is alkalosis Paco2 is acidosis Hco3 is alkalosis
64
In uncompensated shock body is ____ to maintain pH in setting of excess acid or base.
Unable
65
pH will be _____ in uncompensated shock
Abnormal
66
Paco2 and/or hco3 will be _____ or ______
Normal or Abnormal
67
Transitional ABGs are _______
Uncommon
68
Fill in the blanks for transitional shock for ph, paco2 and hco3?
Ph is normal Paco2 is abnormal Hco3 is abnormal

Acid Base Balance (1 decks)

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