Acid Base

Question 1

What is the normal range of pH

Answer 1

7.35-7.45

Question 2

a pH less than 7.35 is

Answer 2

Acidic

Question 3

a pH greater than 7.45 is

Answer 3

Alkaline

Question 4

pH has an inverse relationship to

Answer 4

pC02

Question 5

pH values outside the normal range are considered

Answer 5

uncompensated

Question 6

normal range of pC02

Answer 6

34-45

Question 7

a pC02 of 30 is

Answer 7

alkaline

Question 8

a pC02 of 40 is

Answer 8

Acidic

Question 9

what is pC02 a measurement of?

Answer 9

the partial pressure of C02 in the blood (always greater than C02 exhaled)

Question 10

when you exhale or blow off too much c02 aka hyperventilate what happens to your pc02 levels?

Answer 10

become alkaline

Question 11

The normal range of HC03 is

Answer 11

22-26

Question 12

a HC03 of less than 22 is considered

Answer 12

acidic

Question 13

HCO3 greater than 26 is considered

Answer 13

alkaline

Question 14

HC03 also has an inverse relationship to

Answer 14

pc02

Question 15

which of the three measurments both have lower levels as acidic and higher levels as alkaline?

Answer 15

pH and HCO3

Question 16

pC02 correlates to respiratory and HCO3 is

Answer 16

metabolic

Question 17

whatever value matches the ph (pc02 or hc03) that is going to be:

Answer 17

the problem (aka metabolic or respiratory)

Question 18

ph: 5
pc02: 7.35
hco3: 18

Answer 18

uncompensated metabolic acidosis

Question 19

what effect does an increase of partial pressure of 02 in the blood have on oxygenation?

Answer 19

increased 02 = increased pressure to bind to RBC = good oxygenation

Question 20

what is 2,3DPG?

Answer 20

enzyme that tell RBC to release bound o2 in order to oxygenate surrounding tissues

Question 21

let’s say you just finished doing a right leg workout. This has increased the temperature in that leg and it burns thanks to lactic acid released from muscles in your leg (aka increased acidity).

Your body then _______ the amount of 2,3DPG in that area in order to _______

Answer 21

increases the amount of 2,3DPG released in that area in order to unbind o2 from circulating RBCs -> oxygenate the leg.

Question 22

a septic patient will have a global shift in temp (increase) and in ph (acidic). What happens to 2,3dpg and oxygenation.

Answer 22

Right shift in ODC:

Tons of 2,3DPG get released all over the body in response to increased temp/ph.

This means that even though the RBCs are able to more readily release bound 02 they are not able to hold on to any new O2 (aka from NRB) due to the global increase of 2,3, DPG which causes the pt to desaturate much faster than normal.

Question 23

a decrease in c02 would shift the ODC to the ____?

Answer 23

left

Question 24

increase in c02 shift the odc to the

Answer 24

right

Question 25

A left shift in the ODC has what effect on oxygenation?

Answer 25

the left shift causes less than 23dpg to be released which means the o2 bound to RBC is not as easily released to surrounding tissues that need it. I

in this case, the sp02 may seem normal because the RBC are bound to 02 but the body isn’t getting much of that, it’s just circulating on the RBCs and not being released to the body.

Question 26

factors affecting a left shift

Answer 26

increased: ph
decreased: temp, 23dpg

Question 27

factors affecting a right shift

Answer 27

increased: temp / 23dpg
decreased: ph

Question 28

what are two reasons to give bicarb?

Answer 28

1. losing it faster than they can make it (ex. diahrreah)

2. kidneys can’t create bicarb (renal failure)

Question 29

what is electrical neutrality?

Answer 29

balance of cations and anions

Question 30

what makes up the majority of cations

Answer 30

sodium (na+)

Question 31

what makes up the majority of anions

Answer 31

chloride (cl-)

Question 32

what is the anion gap?

Answer 32

a measurement of the difference-or gap-between the negatively charged and positively charged electrolytes

Question 33

an acidic state ________ a medications ability to bind to plasma proteins

Answer 33

decreases