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Biochemistry > Acid and Bases ; Amino Acids > Flashcards

Acid and Bases ; Amino Acids Flashcards

1
Q

In pure water, the conc. of H+ equals?

A

OH-

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2
Q

What is pH?

A
  • measure of [H+] in a solution
  • pH= -log [H+]
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3
Q

What is pOH?

A
  • measure of [OH-] in a solution
  • pOH= -log [OH-]
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4
Q

Dissociation of weak acid HA releases what?

A

proton H+

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5
Q

What is Keq?

A
  • constant based on conc.
  • determined by ([H+] [A-] / [HA])
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6
Q

In the Keq formula, what do the [] represent?

A

the conc. of each component in M (moles per liter)

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7
Q

What is the relationship between Keq and acids?

A

larger Keq -> stronger acid

pK= -log Keq

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8
Q

What are buffers?

A
  • conjugate pairs of acid weak and its base
  • maintain pH
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9
Q

What is the Henderson equation?

A

pH= pK + log ([conj. base] / [ conj. acid])

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10
Q

When is the best buffering range?

A

pK=pH

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11
Q

For a weak acid, when does pK=pH?

A

when ratio of [base] to [acid] =1

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12
Q

What increases conc. of H+ in an aqueous solution?

A

acid (proton donor)

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13
Q

What increases conc. of OH- in an aqueous solution?

A

base (proton acceptor)

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14
Q

Does the body produce more acids or bases?

A

acids

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15
Q

What are sources of acids?

A
  • food
  • metabolism of proteins
  • cellular metabolism
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16
Q

An input of H+ & CO2 is equal to what?

A

acidic= decrease in pH

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17
Q

What is the major extracellular buffer system?

A

carbonic acid-bicarbonate (CO2/HCO3-)

pH= pK + log ([HCO3-] / [CO2])

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18
Q

The respiratory mechanism includes what organ and how long does it take?

A

lungs; minutes to hours

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19
Q

The renal mechanism includes what organ and how long does it take?

A

kidneys; hours to days

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20
Q

Why do the kidneys and lungs work together?

A

to maintain a blood pH of 7.4

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21
Q

What is the function of the respiratory mechanism ?

A

lungs remove excess CO2 from the blood to help INCREASE pH

22
Q

What is the function of the renal mechanism ?

A

kidneys remove excess HCO3- from the body to help DECREASE pH

23
Q

What is the phosphate buffer?

A

consists of phosphoric acid with dihydrogen phosphate ion and H+

24
Q

What is the protein buffer system?

A
  • hemoglobin reversibly binds to either H+ or O2
  • when one is bound the other is released
  • cannot properly transport O2
25
Q

What is acidosis?

A

pH falls below 7.35

26
Q

What are the metabolic processes of acidosis?

A
  • excess organic acids in diabetes (ketone bodies) or hypoxemia (lactic acid)
  • loss of HCO3- (diarrhea, uremia, cKD)
27
Q

What is the respiratory process of acidosis?

A

retention of CO2 (asthma); decrease in exhalation of CO2

28
Q

What is alkalosis?

A

pH rises above 7.45

29
Q

What is the metabolic process of alkalosis?

A

retention of HCO3- (ingestion)

30
Q

What is the respiratory process of alkalosis?

A

hyperventilation (hysteria, fever, drugs)

31
Q

Proteins are made f amino acids held together by what bond?

A

covalent peptide bond

32
Q

What are derived amino acids?

A

amino acids that are enzymatically modified

33
Q

What is a codon?

A

sequence of 3 nucleotides that specify the amino acid

34
Q

How much of RNA is noncoding?

A

98%

35
Q

What are the functions of amino acids?

A
  • acid-base homeostasis
  • neurotransmitter
  • precursor for hormones
  • metabolic regulation
  • chemical messengers
  • cell signaling
  • protein synthesis
36
Q

What are the 3 structures of amino acids?

A

carboxyl group, amino group, side chain

37
Q

What structure of an amino acid defines them?

A

side chain

38
Q

What is a zwitterion?

A

when a H+ goes to an amino group

39
Q

What is an isoelectric pH?

A

carries no net electric charge

40
Q

An isoeletric pH is also known as what?

A

pI

41
Q

What are the rare amino acids?

A

Sec (letter code U) and Pyl (letter code O)

42
Q

What codes Sec and Pyl?

A
  • Sec: UGA
  • Pyl: UAG
43
Q

What happens to a zwitterion in a basic solution?

A
  • pH increased
    • charge on NH3 removed
  • amino acid becomes negative and will move to anode
44
Q

What happens to a zwitterion when an acid is involved?

A
  • pH decreased
  • H+ added to COO-
  • amino acid becomes positive and will move to cathode
45
Q

What is the titration curve plotted as? What are on the axes?

A

pH vs number of equivalents

46
Q

If pH > pI what charge will the protein be?

A

negative

47
Q

If pH < pI what charge will the protein be?

A

positive

48
Q

What is the pI formula for a neutral amino acid?

A

(pKa NH2 group + pKa COOH group) / 2

49
Q

What is the pI formula for an acidic amino acid?

A

(pKa R group + pKa COOH group) / 2

50
Q

What is the pI formula for an basic amino acid?

A

(pKa NH2 group + pKa R group) / 2

Biochemistry (20 decks)

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