Acid And Base Imbalace

Question 1

What is metabolic acidosis?

Answer 1

A condition characterized by an increase in acidity in the blood due to the accumulation of acid or the loss of bicarbonate.

Question 2

True or False: Metabolic acidosis can result from diabetic ketoacidosis.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The primary compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis is _______.

Answer 3

hyperventilation

Question 4

What are common causes of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 4

Diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure, lactic acidosis, and diarrhea.

Question 5

What is the normal blood pH range?

Answer 5

7.35 to 7.45

Question 6

How is metabolic acidosis diagnosed?

Answer 6

Through arterial blood gas analysis showing low pH and low bicarbonate levels.

Question 7

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of metabolic acidosis? A) Lactic acidosis B) Diabetic ketoacidosis C) Respiratory acidosis D) Renal tubular acidosis

Answer 7

C) Respiratory acidosis

Question 8

What is the anion gap?

Answer 8

A calculation used to determine the cause of metabolic acidosis by measuring the difference between measured cations and anions in serum.

Question 9

True or False: A high anion gap indicates the presence of unmeasured anions in the blood.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What is the formula to calculate the anion gap?

Answer 10

Anion gap = Na+ - (Cl- + HCO3-)

Question 11

Which organ is primarily responsible for regulating acid-base balance?

Answer 11

The kidneys

Question 12

Short answer: What are the symptoms of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 12

Fatigue, confusion, shortness of breath, and increased heart rate.

Question 13

What is the treatment for metabolic acidosis?

Answer 13

Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause and may include bicarbonate therapy.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: Metabolic acidosis can lead to _______ if left untreated.

Answer 14

shock or death

Question 15

True or False: Metabolic acidosis can occur due to excessive vomiting.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

What role do bicarbonate levels play in diagnosing metabolic acidosis?

Answer 16

Bicarbonate levels are typically low in metabolic acidosis.

Question 17

Multiple Choice: Which condition is characterized by a normal anion gap? A) Diabetic ketoacidosis B) Lactic acidosis C) Renal tubular acidosis D) Starvation ketosis

Answer 17

C) Renal tubular acidosis

Question 18

What is the relationship between metabolic acidosis and respiratory rate?

Answer 18

In metabolic acidosis, the respiratory rate often increases as the body attempts to excrete more carbon dioxide.

Question 19

Short answer: Name one laboratory test used to assess metabolic acidosis.

Answer 19

Arterial blood gas analysis

Question 20

True or False: Metabolic acidosis affects only the kidneys.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

What is the typical bicarbonate level in metabolic acidosis?

Answer 21

Less than 22 mEq/L

Question 22

Fill in the blank: Metabolic acidosis can be classified into two categories: _______ and _______.

Answer 22

high anion gap and normal anion gap

Question 23

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a potential complication of severe metabolic acidosis? A) Hyperkalemia B) Hypoglycemia C) Hypertension D) Hypocalcemia

Answer 23

A) Hyperkalemia

Question 24

What is the effect of metabolic acidosis on the central nervous system?

Answer 24

It can lead to confusion, lethargy, and coma in severe cases.

Question 25

True or False: Metabolic acidosis can be a result of chronic kidney disease.

Answer 25

True