Acid And Base Imbalace Flashcards
What is metabolic acidosis?
A condition characterized by an increase in acidity in the blood due to the accumulation of acid or the loss of bicarbonate.
True or False: Metabolic acidosis can result from diabetic ketoacidosis.
True
Fill in the blank: The primary compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis is _______.
hyperventilation
What are common causes of metabolic acidosis?
Diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure, lactic acidosis, and diarrhea.
What is the normal blood pH range?
7.35 to 7.45
How is metabolic acidosis diagnosed?
Through arterial blood gas analysis showing low pH and low bicarbonate levels.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of metabolic acidosis? A) Lactic acidosis B) Diabetic ketoacidosis C) Respiratory acidosis D) Renal tubular acidosis
C) Respiratory acidosis
What is the anion gap?
A calculation used to determine the cause of metabolic acidosis by measuring the difference between measured cations and anions in serum.
True or False: A high anion gap indicates the presence of unmeasured anions in the blood.
True
What is the formula to calculate the anion gap?
Anion gap = Na+ - (Cl- + HCO3-)
Which organ is primarily responsible for regulating acid-base balance?
The kidneys
Short answer: What are the symptoms of metabolic acidosis?
Fatigue, confusion, shortness of breath, and increased heart rate.
What is the treatment for metabolic acidosis?
Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause and may include bicarbonate therapy.
Fill in the blank: Metabolic acidosis can lead to _______ if left untreated.
shock or death
True or False: Metabolic acidosis can occur due to excessive vomiting.
False
What role do bicarbonate levels play in diagnosing metabolic acidosis?
Bicarbonate levels are typically low in metabolic acidosis.
Multiple Choice: Which condition is characterized by a normal anion gap? A) Diabetic ketoacidosis B) Lactic acidosis C) Renal tubular acidosis D) Starvation ketosis
C) Renal tubular acidosis
What is the relationship between metabolic acidosis and respiratory rate?
In metabolic acidosis, the respiratory rate often increases as the body attempts to excrete more carbon dioxide.
Short answer: Name one laboratory test used to assess metabolic acidosis.
Arterial blood gas analysis
True or False: Metabolic acidosis affects only the kidneys.
False
What is the typical bicarbonate level in metabolic acidosis?
Less than 22 mEq/L
Fill in the blank: Metabolic acidosis can be classified into two categories: _______ and _______.
high anion gap and normal anion gap
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a potential complication of severe metabolic acidosis? A) Hyperkalemia B) Hypoglycemia C) Hypertension D) Hypocalcemia
A) Hyperkalemia
What is the effect of metabolic acidosis on the central nervous system?
It can lead to confusion, lethargy, and coma in severe cases.
True or False: Metabolic acidosis can be a result of chronic kidney disease.
True
