Acid and Alkalis Flashcards
Name the State symbols
Use in chemical equations,
s) -solid
(l) - liquid
(g) -gas
(aq) - aqueous (in solution
Acid
Solution that has hydrogen ions (H+)
Base
Chemicals that react with acids
Examples: Metal oxides and hydroxides
Alkaline
Soluble that is also a base
Solution that has either hydroxide ions (OH-) or Ammonia (NH3)
Salt (ionic compound)
Ionic compound made from a metal positive ion and a non-metal negative ion.
Measuring acidity
Use the pH scale is used for measuring acidity –
0-6 acid,
7 neutral,
8-14 alkaline.
Neutralisation reactions
When hydrogen ions react with hydroxide ions to produce water.
H+(aq) + OH–(aq) →H2O(l)
Alkali
Hydroxide compounds
Acid + alkali (metal hydroxide) →
salt + water
Acid + metal oxide →
salt + water
Acid + metal→
salt + hydrogen
Acid + metal carbonate →
Salt + carbon dioxide + water
Acid + Ammonia →
Ammonium salt
When using hydrochloric acid the salt would a……
Metal Chloride
When using Sulphuric acid the salt would a……
Metal sulfate
When using nitric acid the salt would a……
Metal nitrate
When using phosphoric acids the salt would a……
Metal Phosphate
Ammonium salts uses
as a fertiliser to help the crops grow more food.
Key parts of a method to make salt using insoluble Metal oxide.
Metal oxide is added until no more reacts
filtered using filter paper and funnel to remove unreacted metal oxide
Key parts of a method to make salt using soluble alkali solution.
Mix together with an acid
An indicator can be used to show when the acid and alkali have completely reacted
then crystallised by evaporating the water.
Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide →
Sodium chloride + water
Sulfuric acid + sodium hydroxide →
Sodium sulfate + water
Nitric acid + sodium hydroxide →
Sodium nitrate + water
Nitric acid + lithium hydroxide →
lithium nitrate + water
