achieving success

Question 1

what is psychology?

Answer 1

‘science of the mind’ or science of behaviour

Question 2

modern psychology

Answer 2

Science of mind and behaviour
* Scientific method
* (Mostly) human behaviour
* Mental processes and functions
* Interactions with the environment
Behavioural observation as main level of analysis

Question 3

how will you achieve success - deep vs shallow

Answer 3

• Building lots of connections in your neural circuits helps memories/knowledge endure and be easier to find again.
• Seek connections between topics and sub-topics
  Beware of cognitive offloading

Question 4

what is cognitive offloading?

Answer 4

Using tools for externalising cognitive processes, such as learning, remembering, navigating. Necessary and useful in many contexts – especially for immediate performance. But sometimes leads to impoverished memory: e.g. using navigational apps impairs scene recognition and memory for routes and locations.

Question 5

an example of memory impairment with cognitive offloading

Answer 5

Pattern copy task- you have to copy the layout of the ‘model’. You can’t view the ‘model’ at the same time as moving the tiles. Ptps can choose how much to rely on the screen (offloading) or their own memory. More offloading correlates with faster and more accurate performance. Later there is a memory test and more offloading correlates with worse performance.
Some experiments manipulate the incentive to offload
- Group 1 have no transition delay - they use more offloading
- Group 2 have a delay - they use less offloading
- Group 1 does better with immediate performance
Group 2 does better with memory test

Question 6

how will you achieve success - other reasons

Answer 6

Spaced (deeper processing) vs massed learning (speedy oblivion) / practice

Practice what you’ll need to do
Eg retrieval practice/ regular testing/ key points/ practice questions -